User:Webcloud

• Head Direction Possessive Phrase Either
• Adpositional Phrase First
• Verb Phrase First
• Adjective Phrase Final
• Dominant Marking Possessive Phrase Either
• Adpositional Phrase Zero?
• Verb Phrase Both (verb marks for person of direct Object, word order means case)
• Writing Direction Modern English
• Verbs conjugate according to...
  • Voice, Person(SUBJ)
  • Tense, Aspect
  • Volition, Number

Classification

• Nouns
  • [PREP - ART] - [DET.INDF - DET.DEF] - NUM - CL - ADJ(s) - NOUN
  • compound adj : all over six feet tall trees
  • either articles or determiners, cannot have both
  • no relative clauses
• Verbs
  • ADV - MODL - [VOICE-VOLITION] - [ASPECT-STEM-TENSE-PER-NUM]

Grammar

Conjunctions

Cöordinating conjunctions (Independent - Independent)

goes before the subject and needs COMMA

• Mary walked to the party, but she was unable to walk home.

Subordinating conjunctions (Independent - Dependent)

goes after the subject and needs multiple SENTENCES

• I fed the cat. I after brushed my teeth. FRU

• after I fed the cat, I brushed my teeth. ENG
• I brushed my teeth after I fed the cat. ENG

• I slept. I because was sleepy. FRU

• because I was sleepy, I slept. ENG
• I slept because I was sleepy.  ENG

also used for subjunctive mood with word for "if" - WORD GOES HERE

Dual Conjunctions (and, or, nor, xor...)

"English"	Oñ Fruwi	NOTE
and	(...)gai	all
xor	(...)bai	only one
or	(...)dai	at least one
nand	in(...)gai	max 1
nxor	in(...)bai	both or none
nor	in(...)dai	none

(...) = first item

Serial Conjunctions

"English"	Oñ Fruwi
and	(...)gaisi
xor	(...)baisi
or	(...)daisi
nand	sijin(...)gaisi
nxor	sijin(...)baisi
nor	sijin(...)daisi

(...) = first→ second-last items

Moods

Imperative

• Instruction
  • “Go”
  • At start of Sentence always
• Warning
  • N/A(Use Infinitive of verb)

Interrogative

• Yes/No
  • just put "Or not" at the end of a normal sentence
• "Wh" Interrogative
  • “Ger/Gerañ” as Stative Case; dO or iO, dO -> S in passive. “Ber/Berañ” as Active Case (use inplaceof x in Indicative clause)
  • before or after verb add -thing EX: “Ger-Yukeni” means What=time-STAT
  • tojho Īmi ítte Ger (Your name is X -> Your name is what-STAT) ACT STAT(dO) S
  • tojho Īmi ítte Gerañ (Your name is X-P -> Your name is what-P-STAT) ACT STAT(dO) P
  • Ger fe yisʌ To (X PASS eat you-ACTI -> what-STAT PASS eat you-ACTI) PASS STAT(dO) S
  • Gerañ fe yisʌ To (X-P eat you-ACTI -> what-P-STAT PASS eat you-ACTI) PASS STAT(dO) P
  • To slipta áro Ger-Yukeni (You-ACTI sleep at X -> You-ACTI sleep at what=time-STAT) ACT STAT(iO) S
  • To slipta áro Gerañ-Yukeniñ (You-ACTI sleep at X-P -> You-ACTI sleep at what=times-P-STAT) ACT STAT(iO) P
  • Ber-Mano doyisʌdi Ōgge (X HAB-is=eating-?S-PAST this-O-STAT -> who HAB-is=eating-0S-PAST this-O-STAT) ACT ACTI S
  • Berañ-Manoñ doyisʌdiñ Ōgge (X-P HAB-are=eating-?P-PAST this-O-STAT -> who-P HAB-is=eating-0P-PAST this-O-STAT) ACT ACTI P
  • Ōgge fe doyisedi Ber-Mano (X HAB-is=eating-?S-PAST this-O-STAT -> who HAB-is=eating-0S-PAST this-O-STAT) PASS ACTI S
  • Ōgge fe doyisʌdiñ Berañ-Manoñ (X-P HAB-are=eating-?P-PAST this-O-STAT -> who-P HAB-is=eating-0P-PAST this-O-STAT) PASS ACTI P

Verbs

4 types of Verbs:

• Transitive Personal [A and O]
  • Active
    • I-ACT eat-ACT coffee-STA (i eat coffee)
  • Passive*
    • coffee-STA eat-PASS I-ACT (coffee eat i)
• Volative/Unergative Personal [S_A Only]
  • Active
    • I-ACT VOL resign-ACT (i resign)
  • Passive*
    • VOL resign-PASS I-ACT (i resign)
• Avolative/Unergative Personal [S_O Only]
  • Active
    • It-STA AVOL fall-ACT (it falls)
  • Passive*
    • AVOL fall-PASS It-STA (falls it)

• Impersonal/Avelent (Free)
  • CANNOT HAVE PASSIVE* VERBS
    • rain-ACT (rain)

* here, passive doesnt mean O->A, A->∅; it means O->A,A->O

What do those things above mean? (alignment!)

(A=S_A, O=S_O )

Derivative Morphology

Participle (Verb -> ADJ)

add a <qa> to the end Ex: <vekocheqa Qoita> /vekʰot͡ʃeɣa ɣoitʰa/ "cooked goat"

Possessive /Genitive

(use as seperate words with nouns ; go to pronouns page for use with pronouns)

	Dependent	Headless Dependent?	Head?
oñ Fruwi	jho	je	co
IPA	/d͡ʒo/	/d͡ze/	/t͡so/
Use	's	's	of
Example	It is John's dog It is John's (*a) dog	It is John's It is John's [It]	It is Dog of John It is (a) dog of John