Häskä/Wordlist

Modern Standard Wiobian
Wiob-Muts; Reber-Muts
Created by	IlL
Native speakers	70 million (2200 v.C.)
Language family	Gamedan Wiobian Modern Standard Wiobian
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qwb

Sandbox
Lexicon
Wiobian verse
About Wiobian music
engunn&fiungs mieh Wäls tur Wiob-Hien! ("View this page in Wiobian!")
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Häskä/Wordlist (Wiobian: Reber-Wiob-Muts [żai4ziou6my5] 'Courtly Wiobian') or Rzaimy (Reber-Muts [żai4my5] 'the courtly language') is the standard variety of Modern Wiobian.

Todo

• Wiob-Schriof-Ahm-Hölsch "Wiobian-style collection-piece" - Wiobian Suites

Notes on notation

• ⁱ - denotes i-umlaut of the root.
• ^u - denotes u-umlaut of the root.

Orthography

See also: Wiobian/Script.

Phonology

Phonotactics

(C)V(C)^T

Words are mainly monosyllabic, occasionally trochees.

Compounds are left-headed and trochaic.

Initials

The following 'Wiobian pinyin' could be used to represent Modern Greater Wiobian words phonetically:

Tones: Cantonese tones, numbered as in Cantonese

Initials:
labials: ƀ /ɓ/ b /p/ p /pʰ/ m /m/ f /f/ pf /pf/
dentals: đ /ɗ/ d /t/ t /tʰ/ n /n/ s /s/ z /z/
laterals: dź /tɬ/ ć /tɬʰ/ ś /ɬ/ l /l/ ł /ɫ/
retroflexes: dż /tʂ/ cz /tʂʰ/ sz /ʂ/ ż /ʐ/ nz /ɳ/
co-articulated: gq /!/ q /!ʰ/ sj /ɧ/ zj /ɧ̬/ nq /ŋ!/
palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/

Vowels: a /a/ e /ɛ/ i /i/ o /ɔ/ u /u/ y /ɨ/ ơ /œ/ ư /y/

Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/

Modern Standard Wiobian initials

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Retroflex	Coarticulated	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		/m/	/n/		/ɳ/	/ŋ!/	/ɲ/	/ŋ/
Plosive	plain	/p/	/t/			/!/		/k/	/ʔ/
	aspirated	/pʰ/	/tʰ/			/!ʰ/		/kʰ/
	implosive	/ɓ/	/ɗ/
Affricate	plain	/pf/		/tɬ/	/ʈʂ/		/tɕ/
	aspirated			/tɬʰ/	/ʈʂʰ/		/tɕʰ/
Fricative	plain	/f/	/s/	/ɬ/	/ʂ/	/ɧ/	/ɕ/	/x/	/h/
	voiced	/v/	/z/		/ʐ/	/ɧ̬/	/ʑ/
Approximant				/l/, /ɫ/			/j/

Rimes

A whole rime dictionary would be necessary to describe all the rimes, since the rules are so complex/irregular. Sorry

Nucleus

Modern Standard Wiobian monophthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	/i/	/y/	[ɨ]1	/u/
Mid	/e/	/ø/		/o/
Open			/a/

¹ Allophone of /i/ and /y/ after dental and retroflex initials.
² Allophone of /æ/ after retroflex consonants.

Short vowels (which only occured in closed syllables) are fairly stably preserved.

Umlaut

• short u /u/ i-umlauts to short ü /y/
• io /y/? i-umlauts to ie /i/?
• ia /jæ/ i-umlauts to ie /i/?
• short o /o/ i-umlauts to short ö /e/
• short a /æ/ i-umlauts to short ä /e/
• short e /ə/ i-umlauts to short i /i/
• uo i-umlauts to üö
• short a /æ/ u-umlauts to short å /o/

Coda consonants

Only the following coda consonants may occur: [p t k m n ŋ j w].

Tones

Stressed syllables may have one of 6 tones.

1. high level tone (˥) (high falling (˥˩) in pausa) < LMW high modal
2. mid rising tone (˧˥) < LMW high breathy
3. mid level tone (˧) < LMW high glottalized
4. low falling tone (˨˩) < LMW low modal
5. low rising tone (˩˧) < LMW low breathy
6. low level tone (˨) < LMW low glottalized

Example syllable: /maj/ mai

1. /maj˥/ (mai1) Schmörr: liver
2. /maj˧˥/ (mai2) Kmas: border/edge
3. /maj˧/ (mai3) schmeig: lie
4. /maj˨˩/ (mai4) Meder: valley
5. /maj˩˧/ (mai5) Mels: lightning
6. /maj˨/ (mai6) enbelt: provoke

Derivational morphology

Some suffixes are pronounced differently depending on the final consonant of the root.

• ^U(-n): nominalization, patient
  • Þiem 'deed' < þiom 'do'
• be-: intensive/applicative/denominal verb prefix; common like in German
  • berast 'make powerful, strengthen' < Rast 'power'
• deß-: detransitivizing/valency-decreasing
• em-/(w)en-: perfective; causative/valency-incrementing
• ^U-em: adjectival/attributive/place noun suffix
  • Jündemruoger 'tapestry of life'
• -er: collective, augmentative, place noun, resultative
  • Puoger 'throne' < Puog 'chair'
  • Ruoger 'statue' < ruog, rieg, Ruogs 'carve'
  • Jenger 'ocean, sea' < Jeng 'water'
• ger-: inceptive, dynamic
  • gerzißt: 'initiate' < zißt 'run' (intransitive)
• i- (< PWio *ī < PGam *hiz): negative
  • ibiul 'not straight, unjust' < biul 'straight, just'
• -li agent noun, someone associated with [NOUN]
  • Winkli 'mortal' < wink- 'die' + -li
• -mack: resultative, ability
• -null: prototypical member of a set, Ur-
• -ung: singulative/some singular nouns
• -s (< PGam *λ ~ Thm. supine -dh): verbal nouns, nominalization
• -zi: abstract noun, -ness/-hood
• uo- (< PWio *ā- < PGam *ʔāz-): augmentative
  • Uores, Uors 'wolf, predatory beast' < euphemistically derived from Rüös 'dog'
• wech-: perfective/telic
• -zim: characterized by [noun]

Phrasebook

• Woi2 szan6! - Hello.
• ta2 hung2 - thank you.

Related pages with more information

Häskä/Wordlist

Talk: