User:Nicolasstraccia/afghanisketch


This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.
Premise as stated in the job description:
"Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)."


Phonology and orthography


Phonology

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
 
i(ː)
u(ː)
e(ː)
o(ː)
ə
æ
äː
ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal Labiovelar Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Palatoalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive p b t d [ʈ] [ɖ] k g [q] [ɢ] ʔ
Nasal m n [ɳ] ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
Trill r
Tap/flap ɾ
Fricative ɸ β [f] [v] θ [ð] s z ʃ ʒ [ʂ] [ʐ] [ç] [ʝ] x ɣ h
Africate ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Approximant ɹ j w
Lateral Appr. l

Phonotaxis

Syllable structure

Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:

  • Onset
    • Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
  • Nucleus
    • Semivowel (S)
    • Vowel (V)
    • Semivowel (S)
  • Coda
    • First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
    • Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).

Allophony

Phoneme Allophone Rule Description
/t/ /d/ /n/ /s/ /z/ /ʈ/ /ɖ/ /ɳ/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/ word final
/k/ /g/ /q/ /ɢ/ word final
/ɸ/ /β/ /f/ /v/
/θ/ /ð/
/r/ /ɾ/
/r/ /ɹ/ r→ɹ /V_N after vowels and before nasals
/r/ /ʐ/ word final
/tu/ /nu/ /ku/ /gu/ /xu/ /ŋu/ /tʷ/ /nʷ/ /kʷ/ /gʷ/ /xʷ/ /ŋʷ/ u.V→ʷV. /C_.V C=[+velar]{ɣ}, [t, n]


Orthography

Latin transcription

  • Vowels
IPA i e o u ɒ äː æ ə
Romanization i ī e ē o ō u ū a ā ä ë
Alternative romanization i î e ê o ô u û a â á é
  • Consonants
IPA p b t d k g ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ r ɹ l j w
Romanization p b t d k g ' m n ń ṇw ŕ r l y w
Alternative romanization p b t d k g ' m n ny ng ngw r rh l y w
ɸ β θ s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
f v ϑ s z x ǵ xw h ts dz ĉ ĵ
f v th s z sh zh x gh xw h ts dz ch dj

Morphology and syntax