User:Anyar/Sandbox

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Dialect Table

Minhast Superdialects and Dialects
Superdialect Dialect Region/Prefecture/District Distinguishing Features
Upper Minhast Horse Speaker Umbarak, Hayreb, Nanampuyyi, Wattare, Saxtam, Gannasia Prefectures;

Kattek (Horse Speaker portion of NCR, approx 50%)

Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyyi
Salmon Speaker Hittaħm, Iskamharat, Tuhattam, Perim-Sin, Gaššarat. Ruyāya Prefectures;

Iyyūmi (Salmon Speaker portion of NCR, approx 40%)

Fossilized suffix -ūy preserved
Wolf Speaker Ešked,Attum Attar, Tayyagur, Rakwar, Tabuk Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy preserved
Dog Speaker Hisašarum, Way, Išpa, Warat, Tabbakun, Neweyya, Uħpar, Nikwat, Salabūr, Tawāheb Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyye
Bear Speaker Tannumay, Puyya Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyya
Fox Speaker Kardam, Eħħar Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -uyye
Elk Speaker Meti, Attuar, Essak Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ūwe
Seal Speaker Pinda, Rukpu Prefectures Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ūwi
Lower Minhast Gull Speaker Kissamut, Tur'akkam, Senzil, Rēgum Prefectures;

Bayburim, Taliwāz, Urgabal, Tantanay, Nuwway, Kitamta, Antuwe, Sašlar (South Coast Colonies)

Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -we, -ia
Osprey Speaker Uyyuš, Arinak, Naggiriyan, Nāz Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia
Egret Speaker Nentue, Isku Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia
Stone Speaker Sakkeb, Neskud,Yaxparim, Izgilbāš, Zurzugul, Higbilan, Narpaz Fossilized suffix -ūy realized as -ia, -ie



Nankore Vowel IPA Template

  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
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i
ɯ · u
ɪ
e̞
ʌ
a
ɑ
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

Minhast Vowel Template

  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i
u
ɪ
e
ɑ
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

Minhast Noun Table

Noun Classes
Absolutive Pre-clitic Form Incorporated Form Examples
Class I gal=Ø gal=

-gal-

galde, galyār
Class II marua marū=

-mar-

marūde, marūpar
yarea yarē=

-yar-

yarēde, yarēran
simmia simmī=

-simm-

simmīde, simmīkan
Class III asr asr-, asre-

-asr-

asride, asrenī
niss niss-,nisse-

-niss-

nisside, nissekī

Minhast Portmanteau Pronominal Affixes

Agent (Singular) Patient (Singular)
1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd masc. sg. 3rd fem. sg. 3rd neut. anim sg. 3rd neut. inanim. sg.
1st Sg. ---- -tak- -(e)k- -kk- -k- -tirk-
2nd Sg -ktah- ---- -tah- -lettah- -tah- -tittah-
3rd Masc. Sg -knen- -nten- -nn-, -Ø- -lenn- -enn- -tirenn-
3rd Fem. Sg -kl- -tal- -l- -ll- -l- -till-
3rd Neut. Anim. Sg -k- -t- -Ø- -Ø- -s- -t-
3rd Neut. Inanim. Sg -km- -tam- -m- -mm- -m- -timm-
Agent Patient (Singular)
 
1st Pl. Incl. ---- ---- -hak- -hlak- -k- -tirhak-
1st Pl. Excl. ---- -ntem- -nn- -lennem- -ennem- -tinnem-
2nd Pl. -aktahm- ---- -mt- -lettem- -ettem- -tittem-
3rd Pl. Common -ekken- -takken- -nk- -lekken- -seššen- -tikken-
3rd Pl. Neut. Anim. -aksen- -tasn- -sn- -less- -sess- -tiss-
3rd Pl. Neut. Inanim. -akmah- -tammah- -mah- -(a)mmah- -mah- -timmah-

Minhast Portmanteau Pronominal Affixes #2

Person - Number - Gender Independant Forms Bound Forms
Ergative Absolutive Oblique Stative
1st Sg. yakte yak yak- -ek
2nd Sg. tahte taħ tah-,taħ- -taħ
3rd Masculine - Common Sg. kūde kua kū- -na
3rd Feminine Sg. lēde- lea lē-, ley- -lea
3rd Neuter Animate Sg. šemet šea šē-, šey- -šea
3rd Neuter Inanimate Sg. mēde mea mē-,mey- -mea
Plural
1st Plural Inclusive hakemt(e) hak hak- -hakkem
1st Pl Exclusive nemt(e) nem nem- -nem
2nd Pl. taħtemt(e) taħtem -taħtem -taħtem-
3rd Masc./Common Pl kemt(e) kem kem- -kem
3rd Fem. Pl. wext(e) wexī, weššī wex- (n/a)
3rd Neut. Anim. Pl. sešt(e) seš sešš(i)- -sseš
3rd Neut. Inanim Pl. maħt(e) maħ mah-, maħ- -maħ


Minhast Phonotactics Table

Minhast Phonotactics Table

Initial Consonant Final Consonant
f p b k x g t d s š z l r m n h w y
f ff pp pp fk fx fk ft ft fs ff fs fl fr fm fn ff fw fy
p pp pp pp pk xp pk pt pt ps ħp ps pl pr pm pn ħp pw py
b pp pp bb pk xp mg pt mb ps ħp ps bl br mb mb ħp bw by
k kf kp kp kk kk kk kt kt ks ħk ks kl kr km kn ħk kw ky
x xf xp xp kk xx gg xt xt ss šš ss xl xr xm xn xx xw xy
g kf kp gb kk kk gg kt gd ks ħk zg lg gr gm gn ħk gw gy
t ft pt pt kt xt kt tt tt st št st tt rt mt nt ħt wt šš
d ft pt bb kt xt gd tt dd st ħt zd ld rd mb nd ħt dw dy
s sp sp sp sk xs sk st st ss šš ss sl ss sm sn ħs sw šš
š šf šp šp šk šš šk št št ss šš ss šl šš šm šn ħš šw šš
z sp sp zb sk ss zg st zd ss šš zz zl zz zm zn ħs zw zy
l lf pp lb kk xl lg tt ld sl šl zl ll rr lm,mm nn ħl lw yy
r rf rp rb rk rx rg rt rd, dd rs, ss rš, šš zz ll rn, nn rm, mm nn rħ, ħr rw ry
m mf mp mb nk xn mg mt md ns šm nz ml mr mm nn mh ww my
n mf mp mb nk xn mg, ng nt nd ns, sn, ss nš, šn, šš nz ll rr mm nn nh nw ny,yy
h ff ħp ħp ħk xx ħk ħt ħt ħs ħš ħs ħl ħr ħm ħn ħħ ħw ħy


Vocabulary comparison

Several of the terms in the table below have had semantic drift. For example, the form Sterben and other terms for die are cognates with the English word starve. There is also at least one example of a common borrowing from a non-Germanic source (ounce and its cognates from Latin).

English Scots[1] West Frisian Afrikaans Dutch Limburgish Low German Central
German
(Luxembourg) 		German Yiddish Gothic Icelandic Faroese Swedish Danish Norwegian
(Bokmål) 		Norwegian
(Nynorsk)
apple aiple apel appel appel appel Appel Apel Apfel עפּל
(epl)		 𐌰𐍀𐌻𐌿𐍃
(aplus)		 epli epli[2] äpple æble eple eple
bear beir bear beer beer bear Baar Bier Bär בער
ber 		𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (Baira) björn bjørn björn bjørn bjørn bjørn
beech beech boeke beuk beuk beuk Böök Bich Buche — 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰
(bōka),[3]
-𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃
(-bagms)		 beyki bók
(artræ)		 bok bøg bok bok, bøk
board buird board bord boord bórdj Boord Briet Brett[4] ברעט
(bret)		 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳
(baúrd)		 borð borð bord bord bord bord
book beuk boek boek boek book Book Buch Buch בוך
(bukh)		 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰
(bōka)		 bók bók bok bog bok bok
breast breest boarst bors borst boors Bost Broscht Brust ברוסט
(brust)		 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃
(brusts)		 brjóst bróst, bringa bröst bryst bryst bryst
brown broun brún bruin bruin bruun broen brong braun ברוין
(broyn)		 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃
(bruns)		 brúnn brúnur brun brun brun brun
day day dei dag dag daag Dag Dag Tag טאָג
(tog)		 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃
(dags)		 dagur dagur dag dag dag dag
dead deid dea dood dood doed doot dout tot טויט
(toyt)		 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃
(dauþs)		 dauður deyður död død død daud
die, starve dee, stairve stjerre sterf sterven stèrve staarven stierwen sterben שטאַרבן
(shtarbn)		 𐌳𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽
(diwan)		 deyja doyggja dö dø dø døy, starva
enough eneuch genôch genoeg genoeg genóg noog genuch, genug genug גענוג
(genug)		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃
(ganōhs)		 nóg nóg, nógmikið nog nok nok nok
finger finger finger vinger vinger veenger Finger Fanger Finger פֿינגער
(finger)		 𐍆𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃
(figgrs)		 fingur fingur finger finger finger finger
give gie jaan gee geven geve geven ginn geben געבן
(gebn)		 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽
(giban)		 gefa geva ge, giva give gi gje(va)
glass gless glês glas glas glaas Glas Glas Glas גלאָז
(gloz)		 — glas glas glas glas glass glas
gold gowd goud goud goud goud, góldj Gold, Guld Gold Gold גאָלד
(gold)		 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸
(gulþ)		 gull gull guld, gull guld gull gull
good guid goed goed goed good goot gutt gut גוט
(gut)		 𐌲𐍉𐌸(𐌹𐍃)
(gōþ(is))		 góð(ur), gott góð(ur), gott god god god god
English Scots West Frisian Afrikaans Dutch Limburgish Low German Central
German
(Luxembourg) 		German Yiddish Gothic Icelandic Faroese Swedish Danish Norwegian
(Bokmål) 		Norwegian
(Nynorsk)
hand haund hân hand hand hand Hand Hand Hand האַנט
(hant)		 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃
(handus)		 hönd hond hand hånd hånd hand
head heid holle hoof,[5] kop[6] hoofd, kop[6] kop[6] Hööft, Kopp[6] Kopp,[6] Kapp Haupt, Kopf[6] הויפט, קאָפּ
(hoypt, kop)[6]		 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸
(háubiþ)		 höfuð høvd, høvur huvud hoved hode hovud
high heich heech hoog hoog hoeg hooch héich hoch הויך
(hoykh)		 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷
(háuh)		 hár høg, ur hög høj høy, høg høg
home hame hiem heim,[7] tuis[8] heem, heim,[7] thuis[8] thoes[8] Tohuus,[8] Heem Heem Heim(at) היים
(heym)		 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍉𐌸
(háimōþ)		 heim heim hem hjem hjem, heim heim
hook, crook heuk hoek haak haak haok Haak Krop, Kramp, Hoken Haken האַק
(hak)		 *𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍀𐌰
(*krampa)		 haki, krókur krókur, ongul hake, krok hage, krog hake, krok hake, krok[9]
house hoose hûs huis huis hoes Huus Haus Haus הויז
(hoyz)		 𐌷𐌿𐍃
(hūs)		 hús hús hus hus hus hus
many mony mannich, mennich baie, menige veel, menig minnig veel, männig vill manch, viel מאַנכע
(mankhe)		 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃
(manags)		 margir mangir, nógvir många mange mange mange
moon muin moanne maan maan maon Maan Mound Mond לבֿנה
(levone)		 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰
(mēna)		 máni, tungl máni måne måne måne måne
night nicht nacht nag nacht nach Nacht Nuecht Nacht נאַכט
(nakht)		 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃
(nahts)		 nótt nátt natt nat natt natt
no, nay nae Template:Not a typo Template:Not a typo Template:Not a typo nei Template:Not a typo Template:Not a typo Template:Not a typo, Template:Not a typo, nein, nö ניין
(neyn)		 𐌽𐌴
(nē)		 nei nei nej, nä nej, næ nei nei
old (but elder, eldest) auld âld oud oud aajt (old), gammel (decayed) oolt (old), gammelig (decayed) aal alt אַלט
(alt)		 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃
(sineigs)		 gamall (but eldri, elstur), aldinn gamal (but eldri, elstur) gammal (but äldre, äldst) gammel (but ældre, ældst) gammel (but eldre, eldst) gam(m)al (but eldre, eldst)
one ane ien een één ein een eent eins איין
(eyn)		 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
(áins)		 einn ein en en en ein
ounce unce ûns ons ons óns Ons Eng kéier, Eemol Unze — 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌾𐌰
(unkja)		 únsa únsa uns unse unse unse, unsa
snow snaw snie sneeu sneeuw sjnie Snee Schnéi Schnee שניי
(shney)		 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃
(snáiws)		 snjór kavi, snjógvur snö sne snø snø
English Scots West Frisian Afrikaans Dutch Limburgish Low German Central
German
(Luxembourg) 		German Yiddish Gothic Icelandic Faroese Swedish Danish Norwegian
(Bokmål) 		Norwegian
(Nynorsk)
stone stane stien steen steen stein Steen Steen Stein שטיין
(shteyn)		 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
(stáins)		 steinn steinur sten sten stein stein
that that dat daardie, dit dat, die dat, tot dat, dü dat das דאָס
(dos)		 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰
(þata)		 það tað det det det det
two, twain twa twa twee twee twie twee zoo, zwou, zwéin, zwee zwei, zwo צוויי
(tsvey)		 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹
(twái)		 tveir, tvær, tvö tveir, tvey, tvær, tvá två, tu to to to[10]
who wha wa wie wie wee wokeen wien, ween wer ווער
(ver)		 𐍈𐌰𐍃
(ƕas)		 hver hvør vem hvem hvem kven
worm wirm wjirm wurm worm weurm Worm Wuerm, Mued Wurm, Made וואָרעם
(vorem)		 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌰
(maþa)		 maðkur, ormur maðkur, ormur mask, orm [11] orm makk, mark, orm  [11] makk, mark, orm[11]
English Scots West Frisian Afrikaans Dutch Limburgish Low German Central
German
(Luxemburgish) 		German Yiddish Gothic Icelandic Faroese Swedish Danish Norwegian
(Bokmål) 		Norwegian
(Nynorsk)
  1. ^ The spellings used are those based on the prestigious literary conventions described in the article Modern Scots. Others spelling variants may be encountered in written Scots, e.g. aipil (apple), buik (book), huik (hook), houss (house) and monie (many).
  2. ^ The cognate means 'potato'. The correct word is 'Súrepli'.
  3. ^ Attested meaning 'letter', but also means beech in other Germanic languages, cf. Russian buk 'beech', bukva 'letter', maybe from Gothic.
  4. ^ Brett is used in the South, Bord is used additionally in the North
  5. ^ Now only used in compound words such as hoofpyn (headache) and metaphorically, such as hoofstad (capital city).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g From an old Latin borrowing, akin to "cup".
  7. ^ a b Archaic: now only used in compound words such as 'heimwee' (homesickness).
  8. ^ a b c d From a compound phrase akin to "to house"
  9. ^ ongel is also used for fishing hook.
  10. ^ Dialectally tvo, två, tvei
    (m), tvæ
    (f), tvau
    (n).
  11. ^ a b c The cognate orm usually means 'snake'.
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