User:Ceige/SEA Inspired
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Ancient stage
Phonology
Consonants
Bolded consonants can also be finals.
Manner | Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | ʈ | c | k | Some reconstruct additional voiced plosives. |
Pre-nasalised Plosives | ⁿp | ⁿt | ⁿʈ | ⁿc | ⁿk | ɴC or (m,n..)C is another valid style of transcription, as is C̃ |
Nasals | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |
Voiceless Nasals | m̊ | n̊ | ɳ̊ | ɲ̊ | ŋ̊ | qC or hC is another valid style of transcription |
Sonorants | w | l | r | y | ʀ | These are also sometimes analysed as appearing between initials and vowels.* |
Voiceless Sonorants | ẘ | l̥ | r̊ | ẙ | ʀ̊ | |
Fricatives | h* | s* | ʂ | ç | x |
Notes
- *In analyses where the sonorants are seen as possible glides between initials and the nucleus, the distribution of initials changes quite heavily.
- There is also a glottal stop, sometimes written as <q>.
- <h> represents would-be /ɸ/, but this sound, when constructed, is meant to suggest a sound change before the voiceless labial sonorant arose. Some do not reconstruct it at all.
- <s> is argued by some to be /θ/.
Vowels
There are considerably less vowels than consonants, but these have a large number of environmental allophones.
Height | +y | +l | +Ø | +r | +ʀ | +w |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Closed | i | ɪ | ɨ | ə | ɯ | u |
Mid | e | ɜ | ǝ | ə | ʌ | o |
Open | æ | æ | a | a | ɑ | ɑ |
Phonotactics
Syllable structure
Each syllable has a structure of CVC, better described as Initial-Nucleus-Final.