Shum
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Shum | |
---|---|
lhau śùm | |
Created by | IlL, Praimhín |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Ku
| |
Shumian (native name lhau śùm) is a Hlou-Ku language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of IlL's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Initials
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Retroflex Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stop | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ṭ /ʈ/ | ṭḷ /ʈᶩ/ | c /c/ | k /k/ | |||
Aspirated stop | ph /pʰ/ | th /t̪ʰ/ | ṭh /ʈʰ/ | ṭḷh /ʈᶩʰ/ | ch /cʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | |||
Voiced stop | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | ḍ /ɖ/ | ḍḷ /ɖᶩ/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | |||
Murmured stop | bh /bʰ/ | dh /d̪ʰ/ | ḍh /ɖʰ/ | ḍḷh /ɖᶩʰ/ | jh /ɟʰ/ | gh /ɡʰ/ | |||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | ṇ /ɳ/ | ṇḷ /ɳᶩ/ | ñ /ɲ/ | ||||
Murmured nasal | mh /mʰ/ | nh /n̪ʰ/ | ṇh /ɳʰ/ | ṇḷh /ɳᶩʰ/ | ñh /ɲʰ/ | ||||
Fricative | s /s/ | ṣ /ʂ/ | ś /ç~ɕ/ | h /h/ | |||||
Approximant | v /ʋ/ | l /l/ | ḷ /ɺ̢/ | y /j/ | |||||
Murmured approximant | vh /ʋʰ/ | lh /lʰ/ | ḷh /ɺ̢ʰ/ | ||||||
Trill | r /r/ |
Rimes
- aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled a i u ah ih uh)
- a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ā e ī o ū ai au am im um)
Tones
Tone | Mid | Low | Rising | Falling | Dipping | High dipping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spelling | a | à | á | â | ä | ǎ |
Registers
There are two main registers of Shumian, traditionally called White (Bhā́) and Green (Ḍḷàḥ). The main difference is that White Shumian uses lots of loans from Rhythoed.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Shumian is completely isolating and head-initial.
- ḷàṃ (I), mhäi (boat) ⇒ mhäi ḷàṃ (my boat)
- rúm (eye), be (water) ⇒ be rúm (tears)
Pronouns
Shumian pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (ḷàṃ is used only in textbooks)
Numbers
Syntax
Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Lexicon
ṇḷhàḥ 'fire'