User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45
| IlL/Spare pages 1/45 | |
|---|---|
| Wiob-Nkahn | |
| Pronunciation | [/wiob ᵑgaːn/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Wiobic
| |
IlL/Spare pages 1/45 (Wiobem-Nkahn or colloquially Wiob-Nkahn) is one of the major languages of Bjeheond. It is loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer. It's a relative of Tsjoen.
Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu
ma = negative
nkelei Piontels tur Bojels. = I speak of love and hate.
Idea
A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases"
Phonology
Orthography
Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: Houger Niumer Kait; Kait is the family name).
in wiobian Orthography, only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not capitalized unless they are Nouns.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Medial | Velar | Lab.vel. | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | z /c/ | k /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | |
| prenasalized | mp /ᵐb/ | nt /ⁿd/ | nz /ᶮɟ/ | nk /ᵑg/ | nqu /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | dj /ɟ/ | ||||
| Fricative | plain | f /f~v/ | ß /s~z/ th /θ~ð/ |
s /ç~ʝ/ | g /x~ɣ/ | hw /ʍ/ | h /h/ |
| prenasalized | mf /ᵐv/ | nß /ⁿz/ | |||||
| Liquid | l /l/ | r /ɹ/ | |||||
| Approximant | j /j/ | w /w/ | |||||
- Notes
- Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
- /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
- /b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives.
- The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.
- In Modern Wiobian, s in sC- inital clusters are pronounced /x/.
- In Old Wiobian, r was [r], an alveolar trill.
Vowels
IlL/Spare pages 1/45 has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following h. In syllables without a coda, vowels are long even without a following h.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | u /u/ |
| Close-mid | e /e/ | ö /ø/ | o /o/ |
| Mid | (e /ə/) | ||
| Open-mid | ä /ɛ/ | å /ɔ/ | |
| Open | a /a/ |
Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo
Prosody
Stress
Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.
Intonation
Phonotactics
The syllable structure is usually (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.
Morphology
Nouns
| Nominative | Nßäht | |
|---|---|---|
| Genitive | Nßähtem | |
| Illative | Nßähter | |
| Inessive | Nßähtel | |
| Elative | Nßähtels | |
| Allative/Dative | Nßähtene | |
| Adessive | Nßähten | |
| Ablative | Nßähtens | |
| Instrumental/Comitative | Nßähtemp | |
| Essive | Nßähtez | |
| Translative | Nßähtenk | |
| Abessive | Nßähtmakk | |
Plurals are formed with nto, so: nto Nßäht (trees), nto Nßähtem (of trees), ...
Old IlL/Spare pages 1/45 used -er as an accusative and -el for both the illative and inessive.
Article
The equivalent of the definite article in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.
- Nßäht kothem (presc. and in older IlL/Spare pages 1/45 Nßähtem kothem) 'of the tree'
- Nßähtem 'of a tree'
Pronouns
| Pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1 | si | tahs | |
| 2 | mei | wäll | |
| 3 | mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate) | ntompa (animate), ntompi (inanimate) | |
Case suffixes attach to si-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: sim Mpahng = my hand; sils = from me; about me
Verbs
Verbs don't inflect.
Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking
Ideophones
Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally.
- nungnung 'enormous'
- behdgehd 'of slow and reluctant action'
- ntåkpdåk 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying'
- ngolmol 'of boiling liquid'
- quorquär 'of anxiety'
- klah 'ta-da!'
- jaz 'of tightness and security; of exactness'
- e.g. jaz skahb 'exactly three; just three'
- nquäh 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately'
- djring 'zoom, of an engine noise'
- ziekziok 'in small steps'
Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example:
- Mpeid tei quorquär.
- this COP ~ANXIETY
- This makes me feel uneasy.
Derivational morphology
- -ed = agentive
- be- = applicative
- en- = passive/reflexive
- deß- = causative
Syntax
The unmarked word order in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).
Serial verbs are also common in IlL/Spare pages 1/45; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative.
mpa fiuntens lei. = He came and spoke.