Grayis
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| Grayis | |
|---|---|
| Grayis | |
| Pronunciation | [/ˈgrä.jɪs/] |
| Created by | BenJamin P. Johnson, additionally creator of: |
| Date | 2018 |
| Setting | Planet Oryrigin |
language isolate
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | none |
Introduction...
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i · ī [ɪ · iː] |
u · ū [ʊ · uː] | |
| Mid | ai [e̞ː ~ ai̯] |
au [o̞ː ~ au̯] | |
| Low | a · ā [ä · äː] |
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p · b | t · d | k · g | |
| Affricate | ch [ʧ] · j [ʤ] | |||
| Fricative | s · | kh · [x] | h · | |
| Approximant | · w | · j | ||
| Tap or Trill | · r [r~ɾ] | |||
| Lateral | · l | |||
| Nasal | · m | · n |
Orthography
| / | m | n | p | b | t | d | k | g | ʧ | ʤ | s | x | h | w | j | r | l | i | iː | ai̯ | ä | äː | au̯ | u | uː | / |
| ‹ | m | n | p | b | t | d | k | g | ch | j | s | kh | h | w | j | r | l | i | ī | ai | a | ā | au | u | ū | › |
Phonotactics
- Words cannot start with /s/ or /h/.
- /h/ cannot occur intervocalically or follow another consonant.
- /s/ can only occur word-finally.
- Words cannot end with /g/ or any consonant cluster.
- Vowels (except for diphthongs) must be separated by a consonant.
- Word-initial consonant clusters are limited to [plosive]+[liquid] (i.e. {ptkbdg} + {lr}), but not /tl/ or /dl/.
- Intervocalic clusters may be:
- Any geminates except /gg/, /ss/, /xx/, /hh/, /ww/, or /jj/.
- Any [plosive]+[liquid] combination (including /tl/ and /dl/).
- Any [plosive]+/w/.
- Any [nasal]+[unvoiced plosive].
- /ngw/
Numbers
The Grayis number system is nonal (base-9), but has reflexes of an ancient system based on multiples of 3, which can be observed in the etymology of the basic numbers.
| Grayis | Decimal | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| rī | 1 | (1) |
| ai | 2 | (2) |
| chil | 3 | (3) |
| chirri | 4 | (3+1) |
| kilai | 5 | (3+2) |
| aichī | 6 | (2×3) |
| chalayī | 7 | (4×2?) |
| nauri | 8 | (9-1) |
| nā | 9 | (9) (=10 in nonal) |
Further numbers are formed by compounding using the word ha ‘and’.
| Na (Teens) | Dec. | Non. | Ayinnā (20) | Dec. | Non. | Tens | Dec. | Non. | Multiples | Non. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| narī | 10 | 11 | ayinnā ha rī | 19 | 21 | na- | 9 | 10 | nā | 10 |
| nanai | 11 | 12 | ayinnā ha ai | 20 | 22 | ayinnā | 18 | 20 | duhkā | 100 |
| nachil | 12 | 13 | ayinnā ha chil | 21 | 23 | chillā | 27 | 30 | kaigu | 1,000 |
| nachirri | 13 | 14 | ayinnā ha chirri | 22 | 24 | chirrinnā | 36 | 40 | nakaigu | 10,000 |
| nakilai | 14 | 15 | ayinnā ha kilai | 23 | 25 | kilinnā | 45 | 50 | duhkakkaigu | 100,000 |
| nalaichī | 15 | 16 | ayinnā ha aichī | 24 | 26 | aichinnā | 54 | 60 | īlim | 1,000,000 |
| nachalayī | 16 | 17 | ayinnā ha chalayī | 25 | 27 | chalainā | 63 | 70 | jumai | 1,000,000,000 |
| nanāli | 17 | 18 | ayinnā ha nauri | 26 | 28 | naurinnā | 72 | 80 | ||
| ayinnā | 18 | 20 | chillā | 27 | 30 | duhkā | 81 | 100 |
Pronouns
| Pronoun | Subject | Object | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | chal | Example | Example |
| you singular | kit | Example | Example |
| he/she animate | yun | Example | Example |
| it inanimate | wih | Example | Example |
| we/you and I inclusive | kichal | Example | Example |
| we exclusive | jāla | Example | Example |
| you plural | gīs | Example | Example |
| they animate | yaum | Example | Example |
| they inanimate | waih | Example | Example |