Tevrés

Tevrés
Hileranos
lla çira tevressa
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|ʎaˈs̻iɾa tevˈɾes̺a]]
Created by	Limius
Setting	Avrid
Native to	Tevrén
Ethnicity	Tevor
Language family	Maro-Ephenian Iscaric Aeranid Southeast Epheno-Aeranid Hilero-Aeranid Tevrés
Early forms	Proto-Maro-Ephenian Proto-Iscaric Aeranir
Dialects	Southern King's Court Northern
Official status
Official language in	Tevrén
Recognised minority language in	Fasser, Ucilia, Lower Anderia
Regulated by	lla Axes llos Renes

Tevrés (/tevˈɾes̺/), also known as Hileranos (/ileˈɾãnos̺/), or the Tevren Language (lla çira tevressa) is a Southeast Ephenian Aeranid Language originating in the Çien-lli-Tevrén region of northern Hileria, and has around 12 million speakers throughout the nation of Tevrén, where it is the official language, as well as another 100 thousand speakers in Fasser.

Tevrés is a member of the Hilero-Aeranid group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Late Aeranir spoken in Hileria after the fall of the Aeranid Empire in the 12th century BTC. Tevrés began to blossom as a literary language in the 6th and 7th centuries BTC, mainly from southern port cities under Fasser control, such as Azcotive and Lludazfassín. Modern Tevrés is most heavily influenced by these southern dialects and the dialects spoken around Çien-lli-Tevrén to the north, especially after these two regions were united in 36 BTC into Tevrén Vuy.

Tevrés is closely related to the Hilero-Vallic group of languages in the north east, such as Morrazol. It is less related to Ilesse, which is spoken in the region of Ilea. Nevertheless, these languages are often conflated under the banner of 'Tevrés,' or more specifically 'Hileranos.'

Name of the Language

The word tevrés descends from Aeranir tibōris (stress shifted to match accusative tibōrissin), referring to the Tiborer, an Anderian tribe which settled throughout Hileria in the wake of the Aeranid Empire. The Tiborer also lent their name to Tevrén, from tibōrāniun.

All Hilero-Aeranid languages, including Ilesse, which is technically an Eastern-Aeranid language, are often colloquially referred to as tevrés. The term hileranos is occasionally used for this purpose instead. The languages of Tevrén Vuy may be called lla çira vuya (proper language), llos tevrés vuis (proper Tevrés), or vuyanos in order to differentiate it from other hilerandre languages.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Coronal			Palatal or postalveolar	Velar
			Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar	Lateral
Nasal		m /m/		n /n/		ñ /ɲ/
Plosive		p /p/	t /t̪/			ch /tʃ/	c, qu /k/
Voiced non-sibilant fricative		v, b /v/	d /ð/			y, hi /ʝ/	g, gu /ɣ/
Sibilant	voiceless	f /f/	ç-, -ç-, -z /s̻/	s-, -ss-, -s /s̺/	tl-, -tll-, -tl /ɬ/	x /ʃ/
	voiced		-z- /z̻/	-s- /z̺/	-tl- /ɮ/	j, g /ʒ/
Rhotic	trill			r-, -rr- /r/
	tap			-r-, -r /ɾ/
Approximate		(hu) (/w/)			l /l/	ll /ʎ/	(hu) (/w/)

Vowels

Vowel phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/		u /u/
Mid	e /e̞/		o /o̞/
Open		a /ä/

Grammar

Nouns

Case

A regular noun in Tevrés belongs to one of three basic declension classes, a group of nouns with similar inflected forms. These classes are generally typified by the final vowel of the nominative and accusative cases. Class I is identified by the letter -a, class II by -o, and class III by either an -e or a consonant. However, there is significant variation within declension classes, and thus these are further divided into subclasses.

There are five Tevrés noun cases, which also apply to adjectives and pronouns and mark a noun's syntactic role in the sentence by means of inflections. These cases display a high degree of syncretism, or identical endings shared between different cases. This causes ambiguity, which is usually resolved either by use of articles, prepositions, context, or all of the above. Some cases, such as the genitive, are used almost exclusively with the definite article; in indefinite constructions, the ablative plus the preposition el ("from") is used: lla çella uy gom ("the wumbo's cat") versus lla çella el goma ("a/some wumbo's cat").

Tevrés syntax is far less dependant on word order than English because of these cases. Thus "the dog chases the cat" may be either llos çievre lla çella cossa or lla çella llos çievre cossa.

1. Nominative — used when the noun is the subject. The person or thing acting: the cat ran: lla çella cotllía
2. Accusative — used when the noun is the direct object of the subject. The person or thing acted upon: the wumbo drank the water: lla goma lla ota teuta
3. Dative — used when the noun is the indirect object of the sentence, or otherwise then the noun is effected by the action. It may also be used for direction or location of movement or action; I gave a cat to my friend: garino tuyo çella teçía; The cat went home: lla çella como vía
4. Genitive — used when the noun is the possessor of or connected with an object: "the horse of the wumbo", or "the wumbo's horse"; in both instances, the word man would be in the genitive case when it is translated into Tevrés. It may also indicate the subject of a subjunctive clause; the wumbo's cat: lla çella uy gom; Avil likes the çat Huezco bought him: ável lla çella huez cota moyes
5. Ablative — used when the noun demonstrates separation or movement from a source, cause, agent or instrument; the cat ran from the dog: lla çella lla çievra cotllía

Class I

Nouns in class I end in -a in both the nominative and accusative singular cases and are mostly cyclical e.g. llaesta c.("luck") and pira c. ("wax"), with a small group of temporary nouns generally referring to occupations, e.g. coxazga t. ("courier").

Class I.a. represents the dominant paradigm of the declension. Class I.b. is the result of the regular sound change of final -o to -e after a coronal consonant, merging the dative and genitive, but is otherwise identical to I.a.. Class I.c. is notable for epenthesis, or the introduction of a sound, to the root in the nominative and dative plurals.

The singular genitive and plural accusative froms of frema, frem, also demonstrate the regular apocope, or dropping, of final unstressed -e after a sonorant or -d.

Class I.a.

	salva c. book, tome
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	salva	salvra
Accusative		salve
Dative	salvo	salvra
Genitive	salve	salvos
Ablative	salva	salvas

Class I.b.

	ota c. water
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ota	otra
Accusative		ote
Dative	ote	otra
Genitive		otos
Ablative	ota	otas

Class I.c.

	frema c. word, speech
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	frema	frembra
Accusative		frem
Dative	fremo	frembra
Genitive	frem	fremos
Ablative	frema	fremas

Class II

Class II.a.

	dievos t. lord, master		apo e. year, age
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dievos	dievre	apo	apon
Accusative	dievo	dieve
Dative		dievra		apra
Genitive	dieve	dievos	ape	apos
Ablative	dieva		apa

Class II.b.

	cuentos t. rear, butt		llente e. country, land
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cuentos	cuentre	llente	llenton
Accusative	cuente	cuente
Dative		cuentra		llentra
Genitive		cuentos		llentos
Ablative	cuenta		llenta

Class II.c.

	romos t. cow, ox		pejo e. city, town
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	romos	rombre	pejo	pejon
Accusative	romo	rom
Dative		rombra		peldra
Genitive	rom	romos	pex	pejos
Ablative	roma		peja

Class II.d.

	avre t. fish		sadre e. dark, black, blot
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	avre	avre	sadre	sadron
Accusative
Dative		avra		sadra
Genitive		avros		sadros
Ablative	avra		sadra

Class III

Class III.a.

	ave e. sun
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ave	aven
Accusative
Dative		avra
Genitive	aves	avre
Ablative	ave	aves

Class III.b.

	res t. king, ruler
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	res	rendre
Accusative	ren	ren
Dative		rendra
Genitive	renes	rendre
Ablative	ren	renes

Class III.c.

	tevrés t.
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tevrés	tevresdre
Accusative		tevrés
Dative		tevresdra
Genitive	tevresses	tevresdre
Ablative	tevrés	tevresses

Class III.d.

	huertes c. death
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	huertes	huertre
Accusative	huerte	huerte
Dative		huertra
Genitive	huertes	huertre
Ablative	huerte	huertes

Class III.e.

	sadiercas c. darkness
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sadiercas	sarcadre
Accusative	sarcad	sarcad
Dative		sarcadra
Genitive	sarcades	sarcadre
Ablative	sarcad	sarcades

Class III.f.

	cieres t. silk
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cieres	cierre
Accusative	cier	cier
Dative		cierra
Genitive		cieres
Ablative

Articles

Temporary

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	llos	de
Accusative	uy/ul	lli
Dative	llo	da
Genitive	lli	llos
Ablative	lla

Cyclical

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lla	da
Accusative		uy/ul
Dative	llo	da
Genitive	uy/ul	llos
Ablative	lla	llas

Eternal

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	uy/ul	llon
Accusative
Dative	llo	da
Genitive	lli	llos
Ablative	lla