Proto-Hlou-Shum

Proto-Talsmic phonology

Consonant inventory

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		*m	*n
Plosive	voiceless	*p	*t	*c	*k	*q	*ʔ
	voiced	*b	*d	*ɟ	*g
	aspirated	*pʰ	*tʰ	*cʰ	*kʰ	*qʰ
Fricative	voiceless		*s	*ç			*h
	voiced		*z	*ƶ		*ʁ
Approximant		*w		*j
Trill			*r
Lateral app.			*l

/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].

Vocalic inventory

	Front	Central	Back
Close	*i *ī		*u *ū
Mid	*e *ē		*o *ō
Open		*a *ā

Phonological laws

1. *ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
2. *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > mp, nt, lt, rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > mf, nth, lth, rth
3. nr > ndr, lr > ldr
4. *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
5. coronal obstruent + sibilant_i > sibilant_isibilant_i
6. CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}

• • Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}

1. CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
2. ıy[ː] > i[ː]
3. z > r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
4. h > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
5. *ʔ > [ː~] / _C
6. c > ch / _{d, t, ŧ}
7. *tk, *ck *tkʰ/ckʰ > cht, chŧ, cth
8. *q

• • > ħ / _{t, ŧ}
  • > v / _C[+voiced +obstruent]

1. *ʁ

• • > ħ except...
  • > v / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]