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Ancient Kihā́mmic

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɲ
Plosive	p b			t d		c ɟ	k g
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ç	x	ʁ	h
Affricate				t͡s d͡z	t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Approximant						j	w
Flap or tap				ɾ
Lateral app				l		ʎ

Vowels

Oral

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i iː				u uː
Near-close		ɪ		ʊ
Close-mid					o
Mid			ə
Open-mid	ɛ				ɔː
Near-open
Open			a aː		ɑ

Nasal

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	ĩ				ũ
Near-close
Close-mid	ẽ				õ
Mid			ə̃
Open-mid
Near-open
Open	ã

Awe

Awe: áa'owi [âːʔòwì] / English: Awe [ɑːweɪ̯]

Xokái pôpo hipóroor hiyaáhakoáárbái.
/ʃòkáì pōpò hìpóɾȍːɾ hìjǎːhàkòa̋ːɾbáì/
[ʃòkʷáì pōpò hìpóɾȍːɺ hìjǎːhàkʷòa̋ːɺbáì]
xokái	pôpo	hi-póro-or-Ø	hi-yaá-hakoá-ár-bái
stick	big	I-use.PST.IMPF	I-him-hit.PST.PF
I hit him with a big stick.

Black/dark, white/light, red, grue.

Bamenese

Bamenese 빠맨닥
Type
Analytic
Alignment
Nominative-accusative
Head direction
Initial	Mixed		Final
Primary word order
Verb-object-subject
Tonal
Yes
Declensions
No
Conjugations
No
Genders
None

빠맨닥 [bā.mɛ̀n.tāk̚]

Bamȅn tak (bba.maen dag)

Phonology and orthography

Vowels: /ä/ ㅏ a, /e/ ㅔ e, /ɛ/ ㅐ ë, /i/ ㅣ i, /o/ ㅗ o, /ɔ/ ㅓ ö, /u/ ㅜ u, /y/ ㅡ ü.

Consonants: /b/ ㅃ b, /t͡ɕ/ ㅈ ch, /d/ ㄸ d, /ɟ/ ᄏ dj, /f/ ㅍ f, /g/ ㄲ g, /h/ ㅎ h, /d͡ʑ/ ᄍ j, /k/ ㄱ k, /l/ ㄹ l, /m/ ㅁ m, /n/ ᄂ n, /ŋ/ ᄋ ng, /p/ ㅂ p, /s/ ㅅ s, /ɧ/ ᄎ sz, /t/ ㄷ t, /c/ ᄐ tj, /z/ ㅆ z.

Before /i/:

• /s/ and /z/ become [ɕː] and [ʑː] respectively
• /c/ and /ɟ/ become [c͡ç] and [ɟ͡ʝ] respectively
• /k/ and /g/ become [x] and [ɣ] respectively

Word final plosives have no audible release:

• /p/ → [p̚], /b/ → [b̚], /t/ → [t̚], /d/ → [d̚]
• /c/ → [c̚], /ɟ/ → [ɟ̚], /k/ → [k̚], /g/ → [g̚]

Tones
	Low tone	Mid tone	High tone
ㅏ /ä/	à [à]	a [ā]	é [á]
ㅔ /e/	è [è]	e [ē]	é [é]
ㅐ /ɛ/	ȅ [ɛ̀]	ë [ɛ̄]	e̋ [ɛ́]
ㅣ /i/	ì [ì]	i [ī]	i [ī]
ㅗ /o/	ò [ò]	o [ō]	ó [ó]
ㅓ /ɔ/	ȍ [ɔ̀]	ö [ɔ̄]	ő [ɔ́]
ㅜ /u/	ù [ù]	u [ū]	ú [ú]
ㅡ /y/	ȕ [ỳ]	ü [ȳ]	ű [ý]

Minimal tone sandhi:

• /á/ + /h/ + /à/ = [āː]
• /à/ + /h/ + /á/ = [āː]
• /ā/ + /h/ + /ā/ = [āː]

The North Wind and the Sun

깩태덧씨음태타할 powerful 홍쎞부라케홍심껃시허고뎁태음홍 winner 음슥닝뽀노슥 first 홍기다 traveller 자꾸씨갯.

Gȅk-tjȅ dős zi üm-tjȅ tjáhàl powerful hong zèf-pulà dje hong sím dős sihő-tjȅ kó tèp-tjȅ üm hong winner üm-zűk-ning bonò-zűk first hong kì ta traveller cha-gú zī kës.

Disputed regarding which was most powerful the North Wind and the Sun and agreed that declared to be winner should be can the of a traveller clothes remove which they.

The North Wind and the Sun disputed as to which was the most powerful and agreed that he should be declared the victor who could first strip a way-faring man of his clothes.

Donkey Beater

태음 쩓 쑤루 아 태깍 기홋앗 나상방 홋.

Tjȅ-üm jȍt zulu a tjȅ-gák kì-hos-as nasáng-páng hos.

[cɛ̀.ȳm d͡ʑɔ̀t̚ zū.lū ā cɛ̀.gák̚ xì.hōs.ās nā.sáŋ.páŋ hōs]

태음 쩓 쑤루 아 태깍 기홋앗 나상방 홋.

past-be man once and past-hit of-he-donkey every-day he.

There was once a man who beat his donkey every day.

Church Kihā́mmic

General information

The Church Kihā́mmic language (Church Kihā́mmic Latin: Lố ȟāčónôsô kihāmatī́zô tářak, pronounced [ˈlo çɑːˈt͡ʃɒnoso kɪhɑːmaˈtiːzo ˈtaʁak]) is used primarily as a liturgical language and has no official status in in Kihāmát, the language is kept alive, however, by the liturgical use and there are a few people who are brought up as native speakers, mainly by intensively religious parents. Church Kihā́mmic is an inflected fusional nominative-accusative language, has two numbers, three genders and twelve cases. The language belongs to the isolated Panlaffic language family, indigenous to Kihāmát's eight islands.

Phonology and orthography

See also: IPA for Church Kihā́mmic

As with all Panlaffic languages, Church Kihā́mmic can be written either in its native Panlaffic script or in the Standardised Romanised Panlaffic Alphabet. For ease of use the Romanised alphabet is used throughout this article.

Jukpë

Translation:The North Wind and the Sun/Jukpë

Ó únyáko újur nh ó útátí

Translation:The Universal Declaration of Human Rights/Jukpë

Ó ghithák ghihótek tha ó kaqón tha jíto

Ghingíng ghijikh tók

Náto náhót nátenaróyo brus upukpánatu nh upurekótu yétho upumhanëtu nha kaqón. Núnronmáyo tha upubrénatu nh upánghëtu nh should gerarútít tha upóchitu.

Kihā́mmic

Irregular verbs

1. sád: to be
Participles	Present	sámô	Past	tázamô
Singular
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	sói	séi	súi
	Past
	Imperfect	táz	tazā́	tazū́
	Perfect	atáz	atazā́	atazū́
	Pluperfect	aiyatáz	aiyatazā́	aiyatazū́
	Future
	Imperfect	tróp	tropā́	tropū́
	Perfect	atróp	atropā́	atropū́
Conditional	Present	bansói	banséi	bansúi
	Past	banatáz	banatazā́	banatazū́
Imperative		sadố	sadá	sadû́
Plural
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	sóim	séim	súim
	Past
	Imperfect	tázm	tazā́m	tazū́m
	Perfect	artázm	artazā́m	artazū́m
	Pluperfect	aiyartázm	aiyartazā́m	aiyartazū́m
	Future
	Imperfect	trópm	tropā́m	tropū́m
	Perfect	artrópm	artropā́m	artropū́m
Conditional	Present	bansóim	banséim	bansúim
	Past	banartázm	banartazā́m	banartazū́m
Imperative		sadmố	sadmá	sadmû́

2. ímat: to have
Participles	Present	ímamô	Past	hásamô
Singular
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	ímô	imá	ímī
	Past
	Imperfect	hás	hasā́	hasū́
	Perfect	ahás	ahasā́	ahasū́
	Pluperfect	aiyahás	aiyahasā́	aiyahasū́
	Future
	Imperfect	hób	hobā́	hobū́
	Perfect	ahób	ahobā́	ahobū́
Conditional	Present	banímô	banimá	banímī
	Past	banahás	banahasā́	banahasū́
Imperative		imatố	imatá	imatû́
Plural
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	ímôm	ímam	ímīm
	Past
	Imperfect	hásm	hasā́m	hasū́m
	Perfect	arhásm	arhasā́m	arhasū́m
	Pluperfect	aiyarhásm	aiyarhasā́m	aiyarhasū́m
	Future
	Imperfect	hóbm	hobā́m	hobū́m
	Perfect	arhóbm	arhobā́m	arhobū́m
Conditional	Present	banímôm	banímam	banímīm
	Past	banarhásm	banarhasā́m	banarhasū́m
Imperative		imatmố	imatmá	imatmû́

3. venád: to go
Participles	Present	venámô	Past	vṓzamô
Singular
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	džố	džá	džû́
	Past
	Imperfect	vṓz	vōzá	vṓzû
	Perfect	avṓz	avōzá	avṓzû
	Pluperfect	aiyavṓz	aiyavōzá	aiyavṓzû
	Future
	Imperfect	fót	fotá	fótû
	Perfect	afót	afotá	afótû
Conditional	Present	bandžố	bandžá	bandžû́
	Past	banavṓz	banavōzá	banavṓzû
Imperative		džôtố	džôtá	džôtû́
Plural
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	džốm	džám	džû́m
	Past
	Imperfect	vṓzm	vōzám	vṓzûm
	Perfect	arvṓzm	arvōzám	arvṓzûm
	Pluperfect	aiyarvṓzm	aiyarvōzám	aiyarvṓzûm
	Future
	Imperfect	fótm	fotám	fótûm
	Perfect	arfótm	arfotám	arfótûm
Conditional	Present	bandžốm	bandžám	bandžû́m
	Past	banrvṓzm	banarvōzám	banarvṓzûm
Imperative		džôtmố	džôtmá	džôtmû́

4. libád: to like
Participles	Present	libámô	Past	gkházamô
Singular
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	lóbō	lóbā	lóbū
	Past
	Imperfect	gkház	gkhazā́	gkhazū́
	Perfect	agkház	agkhazā́	agkhazū́
	Pluperfect	aiyagkház	aiyagkhazā́	aiyagkhazū́
	Future
	Imperfect	lū́b	lūbā́	lūbū́
	Perfect	alū́b	alūbā́	alūbū́
Conditional	Present	banlóbō	banlóbā	banlóbū
	Past	banagkház	banagkhazā́	banagkhazū́
Imperative		libố	libá	libû́
Plural
Gender →		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Indicative	Present
	Simple	lóbōm	lóbām	lóbūm
	Past
	Imperfect	gkházm	gkhazā́m	gkhazū́m
	Perfect	argkházm	argkhazā́m	argkhazū́m
	Pluperfect	aiyargkházm	aiyargkhazā́m	aiyargkhazū́m
	Future
	Imperfect	lū́bm	lūbā́m	lūbū́m
	Perfect	arlū́bm	arlūbā́m	arlūbū́m
Conditional	Present	banlóbōm	banlóbām	banlóbūm
	Past	banrgkházm	banargkhazā́m	banargkhazū́m
Imperative		libmố	libmá	libmû́

Kunarek

Potential script with the idea being that the Kunarek people had no writing system until they started trading with people from Indo-China and so adapted those scripts to their own needs (or is that a silly idea?) then started to prefer a Cyrillic script (but still using the abugida) until the start of the 20th century when they ditched that for a Latin alphabet and still kept this script for decorative stuff and generally conservative uses (e.g. in folk religion). I couldn't be bothered to go to the effort of making it too pretty until I decide on what I want to do with it. I've decided to name it "aksa" (coming from the Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ (aksor kmae)).

Kunarek łegu

Aksa

Ḣoko reḣ ḣatel ġask. "There is a bear outside the building."

Table

Ostunese

• The Ostunese language
  • La lingóe ottunhénse
  • /la liŋˈgoːɛ otuˈɲɛːnse/

• "Welcome to Conlangery, the podcast about constructed languages and the people who create them."
  • "Benevenháto a Conlangery, lo podcast acuirca las lingóes cóttruidas è ilhes cui las creano."
  • /bɛnɛvɛˈɲaːto a konˈlaŋgɛri . lo ˈpodkast aˈkwirka las liŋˈgoːɛs koːtruˈidas ɛː ˈiʎɛs kwi las crɛˈano/

Rugenian

Rugenian Rüügernitsch
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Nominative-accusative
Head direction
Initial	Mixed		Final
Primary word order
Subject-verb-object
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
3
Nouns decline according to...
Case		Number
Definiteness		Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice		Mood
Person		Number
Tense		Aspect

Tlingit/Ubykhesque

Consonants

There are 73 phonemic consonants.

	Bilabial			Labio-dental		Alveolar			Post-alveolar			Retroflex		Palatal	Velar			Uvular			Glottal
	Plain	Lab.	Pal.	Plain	Pal.	Plain	Lab.	Pal.	Plain	Lab.	Pal.	Plain	Lab.		Plain	Lab.	Pal.	Plain	Lab.	Pal.
Nasal	m	mʷ	mʲ			n	nʷ	nʲ
Plosive	p b	pʷ bʷ	pʲ bʲ			t d	tʷ dʷ	tʲ dʲ							k g	kʷ gʷ	kʲ gʲ	q ɢ	qʷ ɢʷ	qʲ ɢʲ
Aspirated plosive	pʰ	pʷʰ				tʰ	tʷʰ								kʰ	kʷʰ		qʰ	qʷʰ
Fricative				f v	fʲ vʲ	s z	sʷ zʷ	sʲ zʲ	ʃ ʒ	ʃʷ ʒʷ	ɕ ʑ	ʂ ʐ	ʂʷ ʐʷ		x ɣ	xʷ ɣʷ	xʲ ɣʲ	χ ʁ	χʷ ʁʷ	χʲ ʁʲ	h
Affricate						t͡s d͡z	t͡sʷ d͡zʷ	t͡sʲ d͡zʲ	t͡ʃ d͡ʒ	t͡ʃʷ d͡ʒʷ	t͡ɕ d͡ʑ	ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ	ʈ͡ʂʷ ɖ͡ʐʷ
Aspirated affricate						t͡sʰ	t͡sʷʰ		t͡ʃʰ	t͡ʃʷʰ		ʈ͡ʂʰ	ʈ͡ʂʷʰ
Approximant														j		w
Trill						r	rʷ	rʲ
Lateral fricative						ɬ ɮ	ɬʷ ɮʷ	ɬʲ ɮʲ
Lateral affricate						t͡ɬ d͡ɮ	t͡ɬʷ d͡ɮʷ	t͡ɬʲ d͡ɮʲ
Aspirated lateral affricate						t͡ɬʰ	t͡ɬʷʰ
Lateral approximant						l	lʷ	lʲ

Vowels

There are seven phonemic vowels which are nasalised when proceeded by nasal consonants.

• /V/ + /N/ = [Ṽ]
• /V/ + /Nʷ/ = [Ṽw]
• /V/ + /Nʲ/ = [Ṽj]
• /V/ + /N/ + /V/= [VNV]
• /V/ + /Nʷ/ + /V/= [VNʷV]
• /V/ + /Nʲ/ + /V/= [VNʲV]
• /V/ + /N/ + /C/= [ṼC]
• /V/ + /Nʷ/ + /C/= [ṼwC]
• /V/ + /Nʲ/ + /C/= [ṼjC]

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close			ɨ
Near-close				ʊ
Close-mid					o
Mid
Open-mid	ɛ				ɔː
Near-open			ɐː
Open	a

Vocab

English	Tlingit/Ubykhesque	IPA
language	lčhik	[t͡ɬʰɨk]
sea	šwana	[ʃʷana]
sky	qhenyô	[qʰɛnʲɔː]
nose	henka	[hɛ̃ka]
tree	čâlke	[t͡ʃɐːlkɛ]

Tsonatl

Tsonatl Conāć lēha
Type
Polysynthetic
Alignment
Nominative-accusative
Head direction
Initial	Mixed		Final
Primary word order
Subject-verb-object
Tonal
No
Declensions
No
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
None
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice		Mood
Person		Number
Tense		Aspect

Possible future merger of Kunarek and Cuoxeh?

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	Central		t /t/		d /c/	k /k/
	Aspirated		th /tʰ/		dh /cʰ/	kh /kʰ/
	Ejective		tt /tʼ/		dd /cʼ/	kk /kʼ/
Fricative			s /s/, ś /ɬ/	ṡ /ʃ/	h /ç/	g /x/
Affricate	Central		c /t͡s/, ć /t͡ɬ/	ċ /t͡ʃ/
	Aspirated		ch /t͡sʰ/, ć /t͡ɬʰ/	ċh /t͡ʃʰ/
	Ejective		cc /t͡sʼ/, ćć /t͡ɬʼ/	ċċ /t͡ʃʼ/
Approximant			l /l/			w /w/

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /ɪ/ ī /iː/		u /ʊ/ ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/ ē /eː/		o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open		a /ɐ/ ā /aː/

Turkishesque

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	p /p/ b /b/	t /t/ d /d/			k /k/ g /g/	q /q/	' /ʔ/
Fricative	f /ɸ/ v /β/	s /s/ z /z/	ş /ʃ/		x /ɣ/	ẋ /χ/	h /h/
Affricate		c /t͡s/	ç /t͡ʃ/ j /d͡ʒ/
Approximant		l /l/		y /j/	ğ /w/
Trill		r /r/				ṙ /ʀ/

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/ ü /y/	î /ɨː/ û /ʉː/	ÿ /ɯ/ u /u/
Mid	e /e/ ö /ø/	ê, ô /əː/	o /o/
Open	â /aː/		a /ɑ/

Zamoran

O Vento Bore e o Sol

O Vento Bore e o Sol dispodavam-lhes concernendo cui fui o maye forte e concordárom-lhes ca elhe cui poderá primáriozigo remóuer dum ambidador sous vestidos déve déclarado o vazanhador. O primáriozigo cui tentá fui o Vento Bore e, udando toda sua força, soflava, més cuanda soflava maye fortezigo maye o Ambidador agarrava sou mant aisto, finalezigo, sem espérant duma veitória, cézá e defezi o Sol de préénder o manto do Ambidador. Sevedanozigo, o Sol luci con todo soa calezedade. Encora ca o Ambidador sentí os rázios jugandos do Sol remóui, um apreso o alho, sous vestidos. Finalezigo, nuzo e concuiredo per a calor, bazava numo lhúme cui trobava en soa via. Persuaçom é melhor ca força.

O Geve do Herro

9 Dévem gevedar azí : noso pá cui estás no Ceu, ca santo e hôrado seze tou nom.

10 Ca tou Rénho venha, ca toa volondade seze faito na Terra como no Ceu.

11 Dá nove hozé noso pam dízigo.

12 É perdona nove nosos dévedos, como nós perdonamo nosos dévedoros.

13 É no laza ca nós cazamo na tentaçom, més délivera nove do malénho : proéste o Rénho é o tou, é a força e a glória. Amém !

A banda de colhoçom na lus

Ista léngua está uma véche colhocá na lus.

Graça a soa livelha de cualedade, crézeveledade e cabacedade de uzace, elha está votada de estar colhocada na lus.

Unnamed

Consonants

	Dental	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	n /n/		ń /ɲ/
Plosive	t /t/		ḱ /c/	k /k/	q /q/
Fricative	s /s/	ś /ʃ/	ǵ /ç/	g /x/	x /χ/	h /h/
Affricate	c /t͡s/	ć /t͡ʃ/
Approximant	l /l/		y /j/	v /ɰ/

Vowels

High tone Front Central Close í /í/ Mid ó /ó/ Open á /ó/ Low tone Front Central Close i /ì/ Mid o /ò/ Open a /à/

Rising tone Front Central Close ī /ǐː/ Mid ō /ǒː/ Open ā /ǎː/ Falling tone Front Central Close î /îː/ Mid ô /ôː/ Open â /âː/

Phonology 240914

Consonants

	Labial	Lingual	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m /m/	m̈ /n̼/	n /n/	ny /ɲ/	ng /ŋ/
Plosive	p /p/	d /d̼/	t /t/	c /c/ j /ɟ/	k /k/
Fricative			s /s/			h /h/
Approx.			r /r/ l /l/	y /j/	w /ɰ/

• There are 16 consonant phonemes.
• Labial consonants are bilabial.
• Lingual consonants are linguolabial.
• All consonants apart from /n̼, d̼/ may occur as geminates.
• Geminate /ɲː, ŋː/ are written <nny, nng>.
• For all other geminates the grapheme is doubled.
• Of geminates, only plosives and /sː/ may occur word-initially.
• All geminates are permitted word-medially.

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i /i/	[ɯ]
Mid	e /e/	o /o/
Open	a /a/

• There are short 4 vowel phonemes.
• All vowels may be phonemically lengthened.
• There are no diphthongs.
• Long vowels are not permitted before geminate consonants.