User:Ceige/Western Romance
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Phonology
Vowels
Stolen from Wikipedia:
| Letter | Classical Latin |
Vulgar Latin |
Proto Western Romance |
Early Old French (through early 12th c.) |
Later Old French (from late 12th c.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| closed | open | closed | open | ||||
| Short A | /a/ | /a/ | ⟨a⟩ /a/ | ⟨e, ie⟩ /æ, iə/ | ⟨a⟩ /a/ | ⟨e, ie⟩ /ɛ, jɛ/ | |
| Long A | /aː/ | ||||||
| AE | /ai/ | /ɛ/ | ⟨e⟩ /ɛ/ | ⟨ie⟩ /iə/ | ⟨e⟩ /ɛ/ | ⟨ie⟩ /jɛ/ | |
| Short E | /e/ | ||||||
| OE | /oi/ | /e/ | /e/ | ⟨e⟩ /e/ | ⟨ei⟩ /ei/ | ⟨oi⟩ /oi/ > /wɛ/ | |
| Long E | /eː/ | ||||||
| Short I | /i/ | /ɪ/ | |||||
| Short Y | /y/ | ||||||
| Long I | /iː/ | /i/ | ⟨i⟩ /i/ | ||||
| Long Y | /yː/ | ||||||
| Short O | /o/ | /ɔ/ | ⟨o⟩ /ɔ/ | ⟨uo⟩ /uə/ | ⟨o⟩ /ɔ/ | ⟨ue⟩ /wɛ/ > /ø/ | |
| Long O | /oː/ | /o/ | /o/ | ⟨o⟩ /o/ | ⟨ou⟩ /ou/ | ⟨o(u)⟩ /u/ | ⟨eu⟩ /eu/ > /ø/ |
| Short U | /u/ | /ʊ/ | |||||
| Long U | /uː/ | /u/ | ⟨u⟩ /y/ | ||||
| AU | /aw/ | /aw/ | ⟨o⟩ /ɔ/ | ||||
- sC- initial clusters become isC- (and thus ésC)
- Loss of final -m except in monosyllables
- Loss of H
- ns > s
- rs > ss sometime, rs othertimes
- -er > -re; -or > -ro
- -cəl-, -cər-, -gəl- and -gər- > cl, cr, gl, gr
- kj > kkj
- k + e,i etc > kj
- g + e,i etc > gj
- dj, (prior dj, gj, g+e/i >) gj > j
(Gallo-Ibero-Romance)
- kj, tj > tsj ⟨c, z⟩
- kkj > ttsj
- kt > jt ⟨-it⟩
- ks > js ⟨-is⟩
- (Opt: open+stressed ɛ, ɔ > ie, uo (> ue in Fr/Sp))
- nox > nocte > nojte > nuojte > nuite in French
- First lenition: (intervocalic, and vCr) voiced plosives + unvoiced fricatives > v ð j
- tsj > dzj (not ttsj)
- pl > bl
- Final t/d following a vowel lost?
- nj, jn, jl, gl (from gn, ngj, gl, kl) > nj, lj
- unstressed interior vowels lost except pretonic /a/; happened at same time as first lenition, thus manica > manche but granica > grange