Contionary:hava

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

• (Jugsnorsk) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]

("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

1. (transitive) to have

   k'vu (< ęk havu) fǿðu

   I have food

   1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be

   k'vu sélā!

   I'm happy!

3. (auxiliary, with supine, as -'va) used to form the perfect

   k'átt'vu

   I've eaten

Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vaja expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities.

Both vaja and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, especially after vowels, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut].

When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus átt'vu, not átt havu nor (ha)vu átt.

Inflection

Conjugation of [[Contionary:{{{lem}}}|{{{lem}}}]] — positive (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	hava				{{{2}}}a				havt'sa
participle	havaddi				{{{2}}}j				havt'saddi
supine	—				havt				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havý	haví	hav		{{{2}}}ý	{{{2}}}í	{{{2}}}		havt'sý	havt'sí	havt's
plural	havuð	havið	havað		{{{2}}}uð	{{{2}}}ið	{{{2}}}að		havt'suð	havt'sið	havt'sað
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýsk	havísk	havsk		{{{2}}}ýsk	{{{2}}}ísk	{{{2}}}sk		havt'sýsk	havt'sísk	havt'ssk
plural	havutsk	havitsk	havatsk		{{{2}}}utsk	{{{2}}}itsk	{{{2}}}atsk		havt'sutsk	havt'sitsk	havt'satsk

1: past imperative is rare

Conjugation of [[Contionary:{{{lem}}}|{{{lem}}}]] — negative (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	'vat				{{{2}}}at				'vt'sat
participle	'vaddit				{{{2}}}jat				'vt'saddit
supine	—				'vtat				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	'výt	'vít	'vat		{{{2}}}ýt	{{{2}}}ít	{{{2}}}at		'vt'sýt	'vt'sít	'vt'sat
plural	'vuðt	'viðt	'vaðat		{{{2}}}uðt	{{{2}}}iðt	{{{2}}}aðat		'vt'suðt	'vt'siðt	'vt'saðat
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	'výska	'víska	'vska		{{{2}}}ýska	{{{2}}}íska	{{{2}}}ska		'vt'sýska	'vt'síska	'vt'sska
plural	'vutska	'vitska	'vatska		{{{2}}}utska	{{{2}}}itska	{{{2}}}atska		'vt'sutska	'vt'sitska	'vt'satska

1: past imperative is rare