Contionary:hava

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

• (Jugsnorsk) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]

("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

1. (transitive) to have

   k'vu (< ęk havu) fǿðu

   I have food

   1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be

   k'vu sélā!

   I'm happy!

3. (auxiliary, with supine, as -'va) used to form the perfect

   k'átt'vu

   I've eaten

Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vaja expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities.

Both vaja and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, especially after vowels, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut].

When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus átt'vu, not átt havu nor (ha)vu átt.

Inflection

Conjugation of hava — positive (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	hava				havða				havt'sa
participle	havaddi				havðj				havt'saddi
supine	—				havt				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havý	haví	hav		havðý	havðí	havð		havt'sý	havt'sí	havt's
plural	havuð	havið	havað		havðuð	havðið	havðað		havt'suð	havt'sið	havt'sað
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýsk	havísk	havsk		havðýsk	havðísk	havðsk		havt'sýsk	havt'sísk	havt'ssk
plural	havutsk	havitsk	havatsk		havðutsk	havðitsk	havðatsk		havt'sutsk	havt'sitsk	havt'satsk

1: past imperative is rare

Conjugation of hava — negative (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	havat				havðat				havt'sat
participle	havaddit				havðjat				havt'saddit
supine	—				havtat				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýt	havít	havat		havðýt	havðít	havðat		havt'sýt	havt'sít	havt'sat
plural	havuðt	haviðt	havaðat		havðuðt	havðiðt	havðaðat		havt'suðt	havt'siðt	havt'saðat
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýska	havíska	havska		havðýska	havðíska	havðska		havt'sýska	havt'síska	havt'sska
plural	havutska	havitska	havatska		havðutska	havðitska	havðatska		havt'sutska	havt'sitska	havt'satska

1: past imperative is rare