Linguifex

Scots Norse

Revision as of 18:42, 22 April 2026 by Melinoë (talk | contribs) (→Morphology)


Scots Norse (Also Sodor Norse; endonym: Sudhraèsc; /sˠɤðˠ.ˈreʃc/) is a West Nordic language, thus closer to Icelandic and Faroese than Swedish or Danish. It is natively spoken throughout Suðreyjar, being the dominant language of the isles. It has recieved heavy influence from Gàidhlig over the last several centuries, contributing heavily to the spelling conventions of the language, and likely being the primary pushing force behind the development of the broad/slender distinction in Scots Norse.

Scots Norse
Sudhraèsc
Pronunciation[sˠɤðˠ.ˈreʃc]
Created byMelinoë
DateApril 3rd, 2026
Native toSuðreyjar
EthnicityNorse Scots
Native speakers(L1) 2,000 (2019)
(L2) < 50,000
Early forms
Dialects
  • Inner South
  • Inner Central
  • Inner North
  • Outer South
  • Outer North
Official status
Official language in
Scotland
Scots Norse is classified as critically endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Scots Norse is typically split into two main dialect groups, Inner and Outer, corresponding to the Inner and Outer Hebrides, these are further divided into North and South for both, with a Central division for Inner. These dialects are almost entirely mutually intelligible within their groups, and mostly so even between the groups. Uniting all of these is the standardized form, Hàsudraèsc, literally meaning "High Scots Norse". ("high" as in "exalted")

Scots Norse is hard to classify type-wise, as it shows signs of creolization, but not to the extent where it could typically be classed as a creole, this leads to the branching from Insular West Norse into so-called "Gaelo-Nordic", characterized by the partial creolization of Old West Norse with Middle Irish and Scots Gaelic. Regardless how it is classed, Scots Norse is with no doubt some kind of mixed language.

History

Pre-Modern

Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.

Having been spoken throughout Suðreyjar, Scots Norse had a dialect within the Isle of Man (Scots Norse Monaèirr). Little is known about Manx Norse (Monaèsc), as it is very poorly recorded, the most extensive description being a short document from around 1500AD that contains a list of about 150 words (see the Noreine speche fra Man), with a very poor description of the pronunciations. Though from this description we can gather that Manx Norse still had the dental fricatives that had been lost in other dialects (merging with t/d), we get this from the description "... these [th and dh] are like that of the Saxons' beloved þ."

Following the treaty of Perth, the usage of Norse began declining significantly, with evidence it was nearly extinct by 1550. A small revitalization occured in the mid 18th century when several of the last native speakers (at the time, Scots Norse had no more than 150 remaining speakers) gathered together to document the language so it could be taught to children. This effort was mostly effective, leading to the first noticeable rise in speaker count since it began declining. By the 1880's, there would be upwards of 1,500 native speakers, a majority of them young.

Modern

Modern Scots Norse is typically classed as critically endangered due to how few speakers it has, having no more than 2,500 native speakers as of 2020, and virtually all of them live in the Hebrides, making it extremely limited.

Since the early 1990's, Scots Norse has gained a small but dedicated community of linguists that are determined to further document it and make resources more readily available. As of 2018, an online course has been published that goes over Standard Scots Norse, and it has been continually updated since then, improving the quality and extent of the contents, having started out as a rather barebones description of the phonology, orthography, and rudimentary grammar.

Phonology

labial dental alveolar velar
plain broad slender plain broad slender plain broad slender plain broad slender
Nasal m mˠ mʲ n nˠ ɲ
Stop Unvoiced p pˠ pʲ t tˠ tʲ k c
Voiced b bˠ bʲ d dˠ dʲ g ɟ
Fricative Unvoiced f fˠ fʲ θ θˠ θʲ s sˠ ʃ h¹ x ç
Voiced v vˠ vʲ ð ðˠ ðʲ z zˠ ʒ ɣ ʝ
Approximant r, l rˠ, lˠ rʲ, ʎ j
  1. /h/ merges with /x/ outside of Standard Scots Norse.
Front Back
Unround Round
High i u
Near-High ɪ ɤ~ʊ
Mid e (ə) o
Low æ~ɛ ɔ~ɒ
  1. /ə/ is the unstressed realization of /æ, ɔ/. (differing by slender vs broad)
  2. /æ/ is often /ɛ/ before nasals, but rarely so anywhere else.

Long vowels have long been lost, though their effects remain prominently, influencing the languages stress patterns heavily.

Every vowel can appear nasalized, though nasalization only occurs in specific positions, and is always shown with a single N. (though not all single Ns are nasalization)

  • Word finally
  • Before a fricative (Though "nh" is /n̥/)
  • In some irregular positions when loaned from another language.

Dialects

Uist Norse

labial dental alveolar velar
broad slender broad slender broad slender broad slender
Nasal m mʲ n ɲ
Stop Unvoiced p pʲ t tʲ k c
Voiced b bʲ d dʲ g ɟ
Fricative Unvoiced f fʲ θ θʲ s ʃ x ç
Voiced v vʲ ð ðʲ z ʒ ɣ ʝ
Approximant r, ɫ rʲ, ʎ j
Front Back
Unround Round
High i u
Mid e o
Low ɛ (ɐ) ɔ~ɒ
  1. /ə/ is the unstressed realization of /ɛ, ɔ/. (differing by slender vs broad)

Nasal vowels in Uist Norse are typically realized slightly centralized and longer, often without the nasalization.

Front Back
Unround Round
High ɪ̈ˑ ʊ̈ˑ
Mid ɘˑ ɵˑ
Low ɜˑ (əˑ) ɞˑ

Prosody

The rules for stress are very slightly more complex than they were in Old Norse, but not by much.

Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels with a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so sudhraèir is stressed on "aèi")

Mutation

Since Old Norse, initial consonant mutation has developed. Scots Norse has several forms:

radical (basic)
lenited
nasal
voiced

these can be shown quite well through pronoun + verb, as a pronoun exists that causes most of them (except voiced), the word order for these will be slightly odd.

The following gives an example using each of the nominative pronouns:

e thàel /ˈɛ θoʎ/ — "I speak"
tù thàlarr /ˈtˠu ˈθo.lər/ — "you speak"
ha nhàlarr /ˈha n̥o.lər/ — "he speaks"
ho nhàlarr /ˈxɔ ˈn̥o.lər/ — "she speaks"
tat tàlarr /ˈtat ˈto.lər/ — "it/they (sg) speak(s)"
vit tòlu /vʲɪt tˠo.ɫɤ/ — "we speak"
it tòlud /ɪt tˠo.ɫɤd/ — "you (pl) speak"
tèrr tòl /ˈtʲer ˈtˠoɫ/ — "they (m/f) speaks"
tò thòl /ˈtˠo ˈθˠoɫ/ — "they (n) speak"

Orthography

(updated up to "dh")

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns have been reduced down to a basic singular/plural distinction, with the masc/fem distinction only maintained in the singular and when paired with the article hin.

Noun declensions
masculine feminine
singular plural singular plural
indefinite -ᶫ -arr - -arr
definite hin h-ᶫ hin h-arr hin - hin -arr

All nouns fit into one of these two patterns, regardless the forms in Old Norse. Below are several examples.

Declension of [[Contionary:ald{{{2}}}|ald{{{2}}}]] (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite ald{{{2}}} ald{{{2}}}arr
definite hin ald{{{2}}} hin ald{{{2}}}arr


Declension of hàthàet (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite hàthàet hàthàetarr
definite hin hàthàet hin hàthàetarr


Declension of [[Contionary:hàmar{{{2}}}|hàmar{{{2}}}]] (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite hàmar{{{2}}} hàmar{{{2}}}arr
definite hin hàmar{{{2}}} hin hàmar{{{2}}}arr


Declension of [[Contionary:bèdh{{{2}}}|bèdh{{{2}}}]] (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite bèdh{{{2}}} bèdh{{{2}}}arr
definite hin bèdh{{{2}}} hin bèdh{{{2}}}arr


Declension of bòghbòegh (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite bòghbòegh bòghbòegharr
definite hin bòghbòegh hin bòghbòegharr


Declension of màlmàel (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite màlmàel màlmàelarr
definite hin màlmàel hin màlmàelarr


Declension of postpoest (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite postpoest postpoestarr
definite hin postpoest hin postpoestarr


Declension of [[Contionary:arrv{{{2}}}|arrv{{{2}}}]] (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite arrv{{{2}}} arrv{{{2}}}arr
definite hin arrv{{{2}}} hin arrv{{{2}}}arr


Adjectives

Adjectives have essentially lost all declension, at most declining for gender, where the forms are identical, the only difference being that the masculine form triggers lenition. (see sèl)

Both the comparative and superlative forms were lost by the time of Sudrey Norse, being replaced with the usage of mèr ("more") and mast ("most"), so rather than, say, Old Norse "beztr" (hypothetical Scots Norse **bast) for "better", it is instead mèr ghòedh (lit. "more good").

Numerals

1 èn
2 tfèrr
3 trìrr
4 fiòrarr
5 fi
6 sac
7 siò
8 àet
9 naì
10 taì
11 aliov
12 tòlv

èn is the only adjective-like word in all of Scots Norse that retains a distinct plural form, ènarr

Prepositions

Scots Norse has a very, very simple system of inflected prepositions, only inflecting for person and number.

A large amount of speakers simply don't use inflected prepositions.

Inflection of in
1st 2nd 3rd
singular inᶫ ionhᶫ inhᶰ
plural imat int inharr

ᶫ: causes aspirate
ᶰ: causes nasal


Inflection of til
1st 2nd 3rd
singular tilᶫ tiolhᶫ tilhᶰ
plural tilvat tilt tilharr

ᶫ: causes aspirate
ᶰ: causes nasal


Verbs

Many significant changes have happened to the verb system since Old Norse, notably both the mood and voice distinctions have been lost. The active indicative has descended into the present and past tense, while the active subjunctive was lost entirely. The oppositive happened in the mediopassive, with the subjunctive becoming the future and stative, while the indicative was lost.

The stative doesn't exist for every verb, but the forms are still displayed for convenience's sake.

The original mediopassive indicative only remains in a small set of verbs acting as a reciprocal, typically physical actions taken towards others, like [Term?] ("to fight"), slà ("to hit"), [Term?] ("to embrace"), as well as a few abstract verbs, such as [Term?] ("to love"). Otherwise it's been replaced by hìnu n-onaru

Verbs have reduced to such a limited number of forms that analogy and sound changes have leveled them all down to essentially one pattern (excluding a few irregular verbs), which seemingly descends from Old Norse's weak class 2 pattern.

Conjugation of tàltàel (regular)
present past future stative
infinitive tàltàel — — —
participle tàltòlann tàltòladh — —
finites tàltòlarr tàltòladharr tàltòlist tàltòladhst
Combined forms of tàltàel (regular)
singular plural impersonal
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
pos. pres. tàltòlarr mic tàltòlarr tic tàltòlarr ha tàltòlarr vit tàltòlarr tit tàltòlarr tèrr tàltòlarr
past tàltòladharr mic tàltòladharr tic tàltòladharr ha tàltòladharr vit tàltòladharr tit tàltòladharr tèrr tàltòladharr
fut. tàltòlist mic tàltòlist tic tàltòlist ha tàltòlist vit tàltòlist tit tàltòlist tèrr tàltòlist
stat. tàltòladhst mic tàltòladhst tic tàltòladhst ha tàltòladhst vit tàltòladhst tit tàltòladhst tèrr tàltòladhst
neg. pres. è tàltòlarr mic è tàltòlarr tic è tàltòlarr ha è tàltòlarr vit è tàltòlarr tit è tàltòlarr tèrr è tàltòlarr
past è tàltòladharr mic è tàltòladharr tic è tàltòladharr ha è tàltòladharr vit è tàltòladharr tit è tàltòladharr tèrr è tàltòladharr
fut. è tàltòlist mic è tàltòlist tic è tàltòlist ha è tàltòlist vit è tàltòlist tit è tàltòlist tèrr è tàltòlist
stat. è tàltòladhst mic è tàltòladhst tic è tàltòladhst ha è tàltòladhst vit è tàltòladhst tit è tàltòladhst tèrr è tàltòladhst
continuative arr tàltòlann u mic arr tàltòlann u dtic arr tàltòlann u nha arr tàltòlann u bvit arr tàltòlann u dtit arr tàltòlann u dtèrr arr tàltòlann u
perf. pres. arr tàltòladh u mic arr tàltòladh u dtic arr tàltòladh u nha arr tàltòladh u bvit arr tàltòladh u dtit arr tàltòladh u dtèrr arr tàltòladh u
past varr tàltòladh u mic varr tàltòladh u dtic varr tàltòladh u nha varr tàltòladh u bvit varr tàltòladh u dtit varr tàltòladh u dtèrr varr tàltòladh u
fut. vèrist tàltòladh u mic vèrist tàltòladh u dtic vèrist tàltòladh u nha vèrist tàltòladh u bvit vèrist tàltòladh u dtit vèrist tàltòladh u dtèrr vèrist tàltòladh u
stat. vèradhst tàltòladh u mic vèradhst tàltòladh u dtic vèradhst tàltòladh u nha vèradhst tàltòladh u bvit vèradhst tàltòladh u dtit vèradhst tàltòladh u dtèrr vèradhst tàltòladh u
neg. perf. pres. arr è tàltòladh u mic arr è tàltòladh u dtic arr è tàltòladh u nha arr è tàltòladh u bvit arr è tàltòladh u dtit arr è tàltòladh u dtèrr arr è tàltòladh u
past varr è tàltòladh u mic varr è tàltòladh u dtic varr è tàltòladh u nha varr è tàltòladh u bvit varr è tàltòladh u dtit varr è tàltòladh u dtèrr varr è tàltòladh u
fut. vèrist è tàltòladh u mic vèrist è tàltòladh u dtic vèrist è tàltòladh u nha vèrist è tàltòladh u bvit vèrist è tàltòladh u dtit vèrist è tàltòladh u dtèrr vèrist è tàltòladh u
stat. vèradhst è tàltòladh u mic vèradhst è tàltòladh u dtic vèradhst è tàltòladh u nha vèradhst è tàltòladh u bvit vèradhst è tàltòladh u dtit vèradhst è tàltòladh u dtèrr vèradhst è tàltòladh u


Conjugation of [[Contionary:mèl{{{2}}}|mèl{{{2}}}]] (regular)
present past future stative
infinitive mèl{{{2}}} — — —
participle mèl{{{2}}}ann mèl{{{2}}}adh — —
finites mèl{{{2}}}arr mèl{{{2}}}adharr mèl{{{2}}}ist mèl{{{2}}}adhst
Combined forms of mèl{{{2}}} (regular)
singular plural impersonal
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
pos. pres. mèl{{{2}}}arr mic mèl{{{2}}}arr tic mèl{{{2}}}arr ha mèl{{{2}}}arr vit mèl{{{2}}}arr tit mèl{{{2}}}arr tèrr mèl{{{2}}}arr
past mèl{{{2}}}adharr mic mèl{{{2}}}adharr tic mèl{{{2}}}adharr ha mèl{{{2}}}adharr vit mèl{{{2}}}adharr tit mèl{{{2}}}adharr tèrr mèl{{{2}}}adharr
fut. mèl{{{2}}}ist mic mèl{{{2}}}ist tic mèl{{{2}}}ist ha mèl{{{2}}}ist vit mèl{{{2}}}ist tit mèl{{{2}}}ist tèrr mèl{{{2}}}ist
stat. mèl{{{2}}}adhst mic mèl{{{2}}}adhst tic mèl{{{2}}}adhst ha mèl{{{2}}}adhst vit mèl{{{2}}}adhst tit mèl{{{2}}}adhst tèrr mèl{{{2}}}adhst
neg. pres. è mèl{{{2}}}arr mic è mèl{{{2}}}arr tic è mèl{{{2}}}arr ha è mèl{{{2}}}arr vit è mèl{{{2}}}arr tit è mèl{{{2}}}arr tèrr è mèl{{{2}}}arr
past è mèl{{{2}}}adharr mic è mèl{{{2}}}adharr tic è mèl{{{2}}}adharr ha è mèl{{{2}}}adharr vit è mèl{{{2}}}adharr tit è mèl{{{2}}}adharr tèrr è mèl{{{2}}}adharr
fut. è mèl{{{2}}}ist mic è mèl{{{2}}}ist tic è mèl{{{2}}}ist ha è mèl{{{2}}}ist vit è mèl{{{2}}}ist tit è mèl{{{2}}}ist tèrr è mèl{{{2}}}ist
stat. è mèl{{{2}}}adhst mic è mèl{{{2}}}adhst tic è mèl{{{2}}}adhst ha è mèl{{{2}}}adhst vit è mèl{{{2}}}adhst tit è mèl{{{2}}}adhst tèrr è mèl{{{2}}}adhst
continuative arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u mic arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u dtic arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u nha arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u bvit arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u dtit arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u dtèrr arr mèl{{{2}}}ann u
perf. pres. arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr arr mèl{{{2}}}adh u
past varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr varr mèl{{{2}}}adh u
fut. vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr vèrist mèl{{{2}}}adh u
stat. vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr vèradhst mèl{{{2}}}adh u
neg. perf. pres. arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr arr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u
past varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr varr è mèl{{{2}}}adh u
fut. vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr vèrist è mèl{{{2}}}adh u
stat. vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u mic vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtic vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u nha vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u bvit vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtit vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u dtèrr vèradhst è mèl{{{2}}}adh u

mèl was originally a class 1 verb.


Suppletive verbs

There is only one known suppletive verb in Scots Norse, that being the copula vèr, and even it has been leveled by many speakers.

Conjugation of vèr (suppletive)
present past future stative
infinitive vèr — — —
participle vèrann vèradh — —
finites arr varr vèrist vèradhst
Combined forms of vèr (suppletive)
singular plural impersonal
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
pos. pres. arr mic arr tic arr ha arr vit arr tit arr tèrr arr
past varr mic varr tic varr ha varr vit varr tit varr tèrr varr
fut. vèrist mic vèrist tic vèrist ha vèrist vit vèrist tit vèrist tèrr vèrist
stat. vèradhst mic vèradhst tic vèradhst ha vèradhst vit vèradhst tit vèradhst tèrr vèradhst
neg. pres. è gh'arr mic è gh'arr tic è gh'arr ha è gh'arr vit è gh'arr tit è gh'arr tèrr è gh'arr
past è vharr mic è vharr tic è vharr ha è vharr vit è vharr tit è vharr tèrr è vharr
fut. è vhèrist mic è vhèrist tic è vhèrist ha è vhèrist vit è vhèrist tit è vhèrist tèrr è vhèrist
stat. è vhèradhst mic è vhèradhst tic è vhèradhst ha è vhèradhst vit è vhèradhst tit è vhèradhst tèrr è vhèradhst
continuative arr vèrann u mic arr vèrann u dtic arr vèrann u nha arr vèrann u bvit arr vèrann u dtit arr vèrann u dtèrr arr vèrann u
perf. pres. arr vèradh u mic arr vèradh u dtic arr vèradh u nha arr vèradh u bvit arr vèradh u dtit arr vèradh u dtèrr arr vèradh u
past varr vèradh u mic varr vèradh u dtic varr vèradh u nha varr vèradh u bvit varr vèradh u dtit varr vèradh u dtèrr varr vèradh u
fut. vèrist vèradh u mic vèrist vèradh u dtic vèrist vèradh u nha vèrist vèradh u bvit vèrist vèradh u dtit vèrist vèradh u dtèrr vèrist vèradh u
stat. vèradhst vèradh u mic vèradhst vèradh u dtic vèradhst vèradh u nha vèradhst vèradh u bvit vèradhst vèradh u dtit vèradhst vèradh u dtèrr vèradhst vèradh u
neg. perf. pres. arr è vhèradh u mic arr è vhèradh u dtic arr è vhèradh u nha arr è vhèradh u bvit arr è vhèradh u dtit arr è vhèradh u dtèrr arr è vhèradh u
past varr è vhèradh u mic varr è vhèradh u dtic varr è vhèradh u nha varr è vhèradh u bvit varr è vhèradh u dtit varr è vhèradh u dtèrr varr è vhèradh u
fut. vèrist è vhèradh u mic vèrist è vhèradh u dtic vèrist è vhèradh u nha vèrist è vhèradh u bvit vèrist è vhèradh u dtit vèrist è vhèradh u dtèrr vèrist è vhèradh u
stat. vèradhst è vhèradh u mic vèradhst è vhèradh u dtic vèradhst è vhèradh u nha vèradhst è vhèradh u bvit vèradhst è vhèradh u dtit vèradhst è vhèradh u dtèrr vèradhst è vhèradh u

"arr" and "varr" are the more prevalent forms, but the regularized forms "vèrarr" and "vèradharr" are also rather common.

Syntax

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Old Norse (modern translation)

Allir menn eru bornir frjálsir ok jafnir at virðingu ok réttum. Þeir eru allir viti gœddir ok samvizku, ok skulu gøra hvárr til annars bróðurliga.

Scots Norse

èor mhanarr al bhori mhriàl h-o hiavn, vèrann vhirrdhing o rhèt h-atharr. vèrann gaèdhadh h-o shanvisc h-atharr, o shcùl ghèor thil bròdhligh hionn.
èor mhanarr al bhori mhriàl h-o hiavn, vèrann vhirrdhing o rhèt h-atharr. vèrann gaèdhadh h-o shanvisc h-atharr, o shcùl ghèor thil bròdhligh hionn.

English translation
lit: "all men are born free and equal, being dignity and rights at them. being reason and conscience at them, and should act to brotherhood at each other"
"all men are born free and equal, having dignity and rights. they have reason and conscience, and should act to eachother as a brotherhood"

Deor

Old English

Welund him be wurman
wræces cunnade,
anhydig eorl
earfoþa dreag,
hæfde him to gesiþþe
sorge and longaþ,
wintercealde wræce,
wean oft onfond
siþþan hine Niðhad on
nede legde,
swoncre seonobende
on syllan monn.
Þæs ofereode,
þisses swa mæg.

Scots Norse

Vòluenn shi, thur ròvnirr
cvàlarr cenn,
ànar iall
arrvidh thoeld,
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ta h-oevgangtirr,
tash thil mègh.

(lines with "-" are yet to be translated)

Lexical comparison

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