Tigol/Proto-Tigol

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Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimem
Pronunciation[/θensaːrimem/]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Extinct220 v.T.
Quihum
  • Talmic
    • Thensaric
      • Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Language codes
ISO 639-3qth
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Tigol/Proto-Tigol is the the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Tíogall, Nurian and Bênôcian. It is inspired by Proto-Celtic. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic sagas and some early scientific texts.

Todo

  • "Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
  • Stannyssōs
  • ȝastranis = 'laugh'
  • gīθonis = 'fall'
  • insinis = 'settle'
  • s3ībinis = 'stretch'
  • ryncinis = 'turn'
  • svendonis? vendonis? aφo-endonis? = 'keep'
  • ēs-notinis = 'be quiet, lie dormant'

Background

See also: Proto-Talmic.

Phonology

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 18 consonants (only two more than Phormatolidin).

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless t /t/ c /k/ [ʡ]
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ/ θ /θ/ s /s/ ħ /ħ/ h /h/
voiced δ /ð/ [z] ȝ /ʕ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had a five-vowel system with a quantity distinction.

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ y /ÿ/ ȳ /ÿː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

Diphthongs: ae ao ui

Notes
  • /ÿ ÿː/ is close central compressed [ɨᵝ ɨːᵝ].

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr
RX
  • mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sv
  • φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
  • cs ct ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr

Phonological diachronics

Consonant correspondences

  • b < PQ pʼ, b
  • φ < PQ p
  • t < PQ t, ƛ
  • d < PQ tʼ, d
  • θ < PQ ł
  • δ < PQ ƛʼ
  • s < PQ s, c, cʼ?
  • c < PQ k, kʷ
  • g < PQ kʼ, g
  • ȝ < PQ q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ
  • ħ < PQ qʼ, qʷʼ
  • h < PQ h
  • m < PQ m, mʼ
  • n < PQ n
  • l < PQ l, λ
  • r < PQ z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ
  • v < PQ w, wʼ
  • j < PQ y

Cluster resolution

  • tp, tb, tk, tg > rφ, rb, rc, rg

Vowel reflexes

Usually:

  • *a > o
  • *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā
  • *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō
  • *ə > e
  • *i > i
  • *u > u
  • *ay > ȳ
  • *əy > ae
  • *uy > ui
  • *iy, iʔ, ix > ī
  • *aw > ao
  • *əw >
  • *iw >
  • *uʔ, ux, uw > ū
  • *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca
  • *Cxʷ > Co
  • *Cx > Cy
  • *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē
    • or *ix̌ > iā/ia/ea?
  • *ux̌, x̌u > ō
  • *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > ao
  • *ix̌ʷ >
  • *ux̌ʷ > ō
  • *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ >
  • *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ >
  • *iy(ə)x >

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar.

Example texts

Other resources