User:Ceige/Taykh i-Baham

This is a sound-change set to be applied to Toki Pona (Toki Pona is a famous conlang by Sonja Kisa).

Phonology

Consonants

• p/f (f) t (th) k (kh)
• b d j
• m n
• w y h
• s l (š? r?)

Vowels

• a i u (ä e o)
• ā (å) ī ū

Sound changes

Establishing roots

• Consonants in Toki Pona morphemes are rearranged into roots of shape C_C_C or C_CC_C

Metathesis

• C N C roots where N and C share the same place of articulation become C C N roots

• C P C roots become C F C roots (/s/ is included as a pretend plosive and becomes /š/ instead of leniting away)

• C C S roots become C S C roots (S = semivowel, h is included for convenience's sake)

toki > T K Y > T Y K (example: taykh)

Voicing mutation

• A secondary derivation of a root can be made with voicing

P W N > B W N (example: baham)

Dissimilation and assimilation

• (C w n) becomes (C h m) with (a a) vowels.

pona > P W N + a a > faham, but P W N + u u > fūwn

• (C y j) may become (C w j)

toki > T Y K > D Y G > D Y J > dawj, not *dayj

• /š/ will become /z/ to dissimilate from /(d)ž/

Epenthesis

• a vowel may be inserted to break up the following root structures: (C h C, e.g. baham not bahm), (VP F VP, e.g. hasab not hasb)

Counter examples: 'ism, šd?

Additional Morphology

• Definite article al-

• Actor suffix mu-

• Adjective ending -iyy

• Ezafe -i

• ???

Examples

Source of TP roots. Note that the original Toki Pona words were originally developed by Sonja Kisa and/or company.

• akesi (lizard) -> ʔ K S -> 'akhaš ('ajaz)
• ala (no) -> ʔ L H -> 'alāh
• alasa (hunt) -> ʔ L S -> 'alaš
• ale (all) -> ʔ L Y -> ʔ Y L + H for fun -> 'aylah
• anpa (low) -> ʔ N P -> 'anaf (maybe 'afan, dissimilating because -n-f- is prone to assimilating to -m-f-)
• ante (different) -> ʔ N T -> ʔ T N -> 'athan
• anu (or) -> ʔ N W -> ʔ W N -> 'awn, 'aham
• awen (keep) -> ʔ Y N -> 'ayn
• en (and) -> replaced by wa, because of course.
• esun (shop) -> ʔ S N -> 'ašan
• ijo (thing) -> ʔ Y W -> ʔ Y H -> 'ayah
• ike (bad) -> ʔ K Y -> ʔ Y K -> 'aykh
• ilo (tool) -> ʔ L W -> ʔ W L -> 'aw(a)l OR 'alaw (this doesn't work too well, maybe *lawh or lahaw would be better)