Trây

Trây /trɑj/ (natively prits Trây; Windermere: brits Dray) is a Vietnamese- and Swiss German-inspired descendant of Classical Windermere; it is in a dialect continuum with Modern Windermere. It is official in the nation Venh Trây.

Diachronics

Final -r vocalizes to -a as in Boarisch

p-, t- > b-, đ-; b, d > p, t

Initial ph th kh from clusters/minor syllables + p t c

y, w > d, v

HGCS on final consonants: -p -t -k -f -th -ch > -f -tz -ch -p -t -c

Chain shift: -l > -ng > -nh?

-t > -ch after i, y, ê, e, a

e, o, ea, oa > e, o, iê, uô

i, u, ie, ua > ê, ô, i, u

ü, üe > y, y

Numbers: tuôn, rât, stêu, smac, myts, đâc, puôt, seb, luôi, thâp, zădau, sryc

svâc = mouth

scăy = forest

sci = star

prith > prêt 'autumn'

hălsieth > hozit 'warmth'

Phonology

Consonants

Nasals: m n ng /m n ŋ/

Plain stops: p t c ' /p t k ʔ/ (unaspirated)

Implosives: b đ /ɓ ɗ/

Affricates: ph th ts tx kh /pf ts̪ ts̺ tʃ kχ/

Voiceless fricatives: f z s x ch /f s̪ s̺ ʃ χ/

Voiced fricatives: v d g /v ð ɣ/

Liquids: r l /r ɴ̆~ɴ/

Vowels

ă a â e ê i y o ô u /ə æ ɑ ɛ e i i ɔ o u/

iê uô /iə uə/

ai ây ăi oy ôy au âu ău eu êu iêu iêi uôi

y is still /y/ for older speakers.

Grammar

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

	I	thou	he	she	it	we (exc.)	we (inc.)	you (pl.)	they
mo (present)	mor	mos	mon	moz	mot	mots	mop	moy	mam
chiê (past)	chiêr	chiês	chiên	chiêz	chiêt	chiêts	chiêp	chiêi	chiêm
be (future)	ber	bes	benh	bez	bech	bets	bep	băi	bem

Emphatic auxiliaries: mor ri, mos sen, mon in ...

Sample text

UDHR, Article 1

TODO: This is just Modern Wdm with Trây sound changes

Chiêm tsoa crot ăxiêng plum te thya mêz hongtlâz tez imsên. Mâm hach răphângy dâz hongpăthên tez hongslit'â, te mot pđaa thunuô sâm tăze phituôn măciêp năthâ mêz xăgoa châsrap.

/kχiəm tsɔɐ̯ krɔts əʃiəŋ pɴum tɛ θyɐ̯ mes .../