Dãterške
| Danterske Дантэршкэ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Danterske | |
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| Дантэршкэ Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец | |
 The official flag of the Scientific Nation & the Danter people. | |
| Pronunciation | [/t̬antʰɛrʃkʰɛ/ /t̬antʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥/] |
| Created by | Elliott Wheeler |
A priori languages
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dle |
Dãterške (Дантэршкэ, Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец) is a language created by Elliott Wheeler originally desiğned to suit the needs of the scientific community. Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, the language is loosely based off of Proto-Altaic, various Slavic languages, and her native idiolect of English, but is ultimately a priori.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
The orthgraphy of Dãterške is a Cyrillic alphabet, and is mostly to entirely phonemic, if not phonetic, in that each letter corresponds directly to a single (1) sound or modification on a sound (such as [◌ʼ], [◌ˤ], [◌̃], etC). Because of its relatively large phonemic inventory, the language had to use relatively unconventional uses and extensions for the letters in modern Cyrillic. Listed below are all of the characters in the alphabet and associated values in other systems, in no particular order due to the lack of an unarbitrary glyph-order for the language.
| Letter | IPA Sound | Letter Name | IPA Letter Name | Scientific Latin transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ӏ | /◌ʼ/ | пӀ'алєчһа | /pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/ | ‡ (ʼ) |
| ' | /ʡ/~[ʔ] | нруцӕфих пӀ'алєчһа | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/ | ʔ ' |
| і | /ʲi/ | пӀ'алєчһих і | /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx iː/ | İ i |
| а | /a/ | а | /a/ | A a |
| ӑ | /ʕ/ | нруцӕфих ӑа | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa/ | Ă ă (ʕ ʿ) |
| я | /ʲɒ/ | я | /ɒ/ | Â â |
| ә | /æ/ | ә | /æ/ | Æ æ |
| ӕ | /ə/ | ӕ | /ə/ | Ä ä (Ə ə) |
| э | /ɛ/ | э | /ɛ/ | E e |
| ӭ | /ɘ/ | ӭ' or птрђих ӭ | /ɘʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɘ/ | Ë ë |
| ө | /ɞ/ | ө | /ɞ/ | Œ œ |
| є | /ʲo/ | є | /o/ | Ĕ ĕ (Ô ô) |
| е | /ʲe/ | е | /e/ | Ê ê |
| ё | /ʲø/~[ʲɵ] | ё' or птрђих ё | /øʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ø/ | È è |
| и | /ɪ/ | и | /ɪ/ | I ı |
| ӥ | /i/ | ӥ' or птрђих ӥ | /iʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx i/ | Ï ï |
| й | /j/ | нруцӕфих йи | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ/ | Ĭ ĭ (J j) |
| о | /ʌ/ | о | /ʌ/ | O o |
| ӧ | /ɤ/ | ӧ' or птрђих ӧ | /ɤʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɤ/ | Ö ö |
| у | /u/ | у | /u/ | U u |
| ў | /w/ | нруцӕфих ўу | /nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu/ | Ŭ ŭ (W w) |
| ұ | /y/ | ұ or пӀ'алєчһих ұ | /y/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y/ | Ù ù |
| ю | /ʲɯ/ | ю | /ɯ/ | Û û |
| ы | /ɨ/ | ы | /ɨ/ | Y y |
| ӹ | /ʉ/ | ӹ' or птрђих ӹ | /ʉʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ʉ/ | Ÿ ÿ |
| м | /ɱ/ | эм | /ɛɱ/ | M m |
| н | /n/ | эн | /ɛn/ | N n |
| ң | /◌̃/ | р'ьәњӕы эң or пӀ'алєчһих эң | /rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃/ | Ņ ņ |
| ц | /t͡n̥/~[θ] | цэ | /t͡n̥ɛ/ | C c |
| њ | /ɲ/ | њэ | /ɲɛ/ | N̂ n̂ (Ñ ñ) |
| б | /p̬/~[b̪] | эб | /ɛp̬/ | B b |
| п | /pʰ/ | пэ | /p̪ʰɛ/ | P p |
| д | /t̬/~[d̟] | эд | /ɛt̬/ | D d |
| т | /tʰ/~[t̟ʰ] | тэ | /tʰɛ/ | T t |
| џ | /d͡ʒ/ | эџ | /ɛd͡ʒ/ | D̂ d̂ |
| ч | /t͡ʃ/ | чэ | /t͡ʃɛ/ | Č č |
| ђ | /c̬/~[ɟ] | эђ | /ɛc̬/ | Đ đ |
| ћ | /cʰ/ | эћ | /cʰɛ/ | Ć ć |
| ӵ | /c͡ç/ | ӵэ | /c͡çɛ/ | C̈ c̈ |
| г | /k̬/~[g] | эг | /ɛk̬/ | G g |
| к | /kʰ/ | кэ | /kʰɛ/ | K k |
| ҝ | /q͡χ/ | ҝэ | /q͡χɛ/ | Q q |
| в | /v/ | ве | /vʲe/ | V v |
| ф | /f/ | еф | /ef/ | F f |
| з | /z/ | зе | /z̟ʲe/ | Z z |
| с | /s/ | ес | /es̟/ | S s |
| ԇ | /sˤ/~[z̥] | ԇөд | /sˤɞt̬/ | Sz sz |
| ж | /ʒ/ | же | /ʒʲe/ | Ž ž |
| ш | /ʃ/ | еш | /eʃ/ | Š š |
| җ | /ʝ/ | җе | /ʝe/ | Ẑ ẑ |
| щ | /ç/ | ещ | /eç/ | Ŝ ŝ |
| ғ | /ɣ/ | ғе | /ɣʲe/ | Ġ ġ |
| х | /x/ | ех | /ex/ | X x |
| һ | /ħ/~[h] | һе | /ħʲe/ | H h |
| р | /r/~[ɹ] | ер | /er/ | R r |
| ь | /j/~/◌ʲ/ | ьерь or йерь | /jerʲ/ | ′ |
| ъ | /w/~/◌ʷ/ | ъеръ or ўеръ | /werʷ/ | ″ |
| ҍ | /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/ | ҍерҍ or ӑерҍ | /ʕerˤ/ | ‴ |
| л | /l/~[ɮ] | ел | /el/ | L l |
| љ | /ʎ/ | љер | /ʎer/ | L̂ l̂ (Ł ł) |
Consonants
| Labiodental | Denti-alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal/Uvelar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | 2 artic. | |||||||
| Nasal | ɱ (м) | n (н) | t͡n̥~θ (ц) | ɲ (њ) | ||||
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ (п) | tʰ (т) | cʰ (ћ) | kʰ (к) | ʡ (') | ||
| lenis | p̬ (б) | t̬ (д) | c̬ (ђ) | k̬ (г) | ||||
| ejective | pʼ (пӀ) | tʼ (тӀ) | t͡ʃʼ (чӀ) | cʼ (ћӀ) | kʼ (кӀ) | qʼ (ҝӀ) | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | p͡f (пф) | t͡s (тс) | t͡ʃ (ч) | c͡ç (ӵ) | q͡χ~k͡xʷ (ҝ) | ||
| ʃt͡ʃ (щӀ) | ||||||||
| voiced | b͡v (бв) | d͡z (дз) | d͡ʒ (џ) | |||||
| ʒd͡ʒ (җӀ) | ||||||||
| nasal release | t̃ʰ (тң) | t͡ʃ̃ⁿ (чң) | c̃ʰ (ћң) | g̊ⁿ (кң,гң) | ||||
| dⁿ~nˑ (дң) | d͡ʒ̃ⁿ (џң) | ɟⁿ~ɲˑ (ђң) | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f (ф) | s[note 1] (с) | sˤ~z̥[note 1] (ԇ) | ʃ (ш) | ç (щ) | x (х) | ħ (һ) |
| voiced | v (в) | z[note 1] (з) | zʲ (зь) | ʒ (ж) | ʝ (җ) | ɣ (ғ) | ||
| nasalized | f̃ (фң) | s̃ (сң) | s̃ˤ (ԇң) | ʃ̃ (шң) | ç̃ (щң) | x̃ (хң) | ||
| ṽ (вң) | z̃ (зң) | ʒ̃ (жң) | ||||||
| Approximant | r~ɹ (р) | r̃ (рң) | rʲ (рь) | j (ь,й) | w (ъ,ў) | ʕ (ҍ,ӑ) | ||
| Lateral | oral | l~ɮ (л) | ʎ (љ) | |||||
| nasalized | l̃ (лң) | ʎ̃ (љң) | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
| Close | oral | i (ӥ) ʲi(ː) (і) | y (ұ) | ɨ (ы) | ʉ (ӹ) | u (у) | |
| nasal | ĩ (ің/ӥң) | ỹ (ұң) | ɨ̃ (ың) | ʉ̃ (ӹң) | ũ (уң) | ||
| Near-close | oral | ɪ (и) | ʲɯ (ю) | ||||
| nasal | ɪ̃ (иң) | ɯ̃ (юң) | |||||
| Close-mid | oral | ʲe (е) | ɘ (ӭ) | ʲø~ʲɵ (ё) | ɤ (ӧ) | ʲo (є) | |
| nasal | ẽ (ең) | ɘ̃ (ӭң) | ø̃~ɵ̃ (ёң) | ɤ̃ (ӧң) | õ (єң) | ||
| Open-mid | oral | ɛ (э) | ə (ӕ) | ɞ (ө) | ʌ (о) | ||
| nasal | ɛ̃ (эң) | ə̃ (ӕң) | ɞ̃ (өң) | ʌ̃ (оң) | |||
| Near-open | oral | æ (ә) | |||||
| nasal | æ̃ (әң) | ||||||
| Open | oral | a (а) | ʲɒ (я) | ||||
| nasal | ã (аң) | ɒ̃ (яң) | |||||
Prosody
Another relatively unique feature of the language is that it has no phonemic stress, intonation, or even syllable-boundaries, thus forcing both the speaker & listener either to innovate all the likely possibilities of the prosody of a given sentence or analyze it purely as a sequence of sounds. However, it is important to note that, at least for casual speech, primary stress and/or hiğ-tone is often placed on the initial syllable of a word, and secondary stress and/or mid-tone is often trochaic (placed in repeating patterns of stressed-unstressed) from the beginning of the word. An exception to the rule of casual stress would be a syllable containing a lengthened or ава (rouğf) vowel, which is stressed by default.
Phonotactics
Syllable Structure: (W/N)(C)6(W)2V/-P2(W)2(C)4(W/N)
Where:
- C = Consonant
- N = Nasal consonant
- -P = Non-plosive
- V = Vowel
- W = Semivowel
- /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a Palato-alveolar consonant.
- Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot preceed liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
- Adjacent consonants with multiple similar features may merge (their Places of Articulation).
- Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceeding other Stops.
- Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C6 become syllabic.
- /j/, /w/, /ʕ/, /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/, /l/, /ʎ/, /l̃/, /ʎ̃/, /ʡ/ become devoiced after Aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
- Voiced and unvoiced equivalents of a consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
- /t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.
Ава-ућу vowel correspondence
| Series # | Ава | Ућу |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | А | Е |
| 2 | Ә | Ӭ |
| 3 | И | Ӕ |
| 4 | Э Ө | |
| 5 | О | У |
| 6 | Є | І |
| 7 | Ӥ | Ы |
| 8 | Ӧ | Ұ |
| 9 | Ю | Ӹ |
| 10 | Я | Ё |
| 11 | аў,ӑу | єұ |
| 12 | Р | Л |
Morphophonology
Due to the language being a semi-agglutinative language, little pure morphophonological processes take place other than the characteristic Danterian vowel mutation. Because of this process alone, one could either analyze the language’s morphological typology as an agglutinative language with ablauting morphemes, or as a minor fusional language without sandhi. One could argue that there is a complex system of vowel harmony underlying every word, but if existing, such is yet to be decoded.
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
- The Internationale - ТрәнњещӀьахимнһц
- Even when issues arise - шԇөтңжелф хжалд'с ды җӀұйец бољата
- Hansu Hansuen - Дихтатэрин ды дихтатэрин'с
Swadesh list
Chemistry
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