Páuluòbeng

Baoluoveng (yi vBáuluòveng) is a minority language closely related to Qenian, but is distinct enough to be regarded as a separate language. It is inspired by Mandarin, Ufirlandisg, and Yorkshire English.

respell to make it look less mandarin

Todo

Glottal reinforcement mania

Final schwa > tone split

dr tr sr > jh ch sh; jhil, jhim, jhin, jhing > jhul, jhum, jhun, jhung

gr̀ /bɛː(ɹ)/ = sap, syrup

ehgung, yi h-ehgung; pl. ehgungr /əhˈkʊ̄ŋ, əhˈkȭː(ɹ)/ = mountain

dèe, yi dèe; pl. dèen /têː, têːn/ = valley

yi syøød /ɕɥǿːʔ/ = rose

mand /manʔ/ = to take

ted /təʔ/ = beautiful

dùn /tû:n/ = far

duāilig /ˈtwɑ́ːljəʔ/ = to demand, to pester

yi mār /mǽ:/ = tree

jyarm /t͡ɕǽ:m/ 'heavy'

yi kaθr /ˈkʰaħə/ 'flower'

ái /ɑ̌ː/ 'gold'

neħdir /nəhtjə/ = chain

Phonology

Mandarin/Ufirlandisg/Allemanisch consonants; Yorkshire vowels

Tones

Báoluòveng is a strongly pitch-accent language.

Three tones for long vowels:

ā or a: mid level, relaxed
á: rising
à: falling

Consonants

p b f v t d c z s з /z/ q j x ξ /ʑ/ ch zh sh r /ɹ/ k g h γ /ɣ/ θ /ħ/ ħ /h/ m n ng l w y - stops are devoiced, as in Mandarin

/tʂw tʂʰw ʂw ɹw/ do not labialize to /pf pfʰ f ʋ/
Historical initial /f/ retained
Broad /l/ is only dark in coda position
h = /x/ θ = /ħ/, ħ = /h/

Vowels

Short vowels:

a ie i o u ü /a (j)ɛ (w)ɪ (w)ɔ (w)ʊ (ɥ)ʏ/

Diphthongs:

ai ei uai ui ie üe /aɪ~ɑː eː waɪ~wɑː weː jeː ɥøː/
ao iao ou iu /aʊ jaʊ oː joː/
ì ù ǜ /(j)iː~(j)ɪj uː~ʊw (ɥ)yː~(ɥ)ʏɥ/

Long monophthongs (linking R /ɹ/ is used when a vowel follows):

uor, uòr, uò, ur, ùr /(w)ɔː(ɹ)/
(i)ar, (i)àr, (i)à /(j)æː(ɹ)/
r, eir /ɛː(ɹ)/
ir, ìr, ier, ièr /jɛː(ɹ)/
ür, ǜr /ɥœː(ɹ)/
uir /wɛː(ɹ)/
air aor our /æː(ɹ), ɑː(ɹ), ɔː(ɹ)/
angr engr ingr (u)ongr ungr üngr /ɑ̃ː(ɹ) ɜ̃ː(ɹ) jɜ̃ː(ɹ) ɔ̃ː(ɹ) ɔ̃ː(ɹ) ɥɜ̃ː(ɹ)/
- e.g. liangr /ljɑ̃̀ː(ɹ)/ 'dream'

Unstressed vowels:

final -r = /(j)ə(ɹ)/
final -i = /ɪ/
final -ou = /o/

Many grammatical endings are merged in Páuluòbeng.

Linking R

Example of linking R: yi kaθr àrd [jɪ ˈkʰaħə ɹ‿æ̂ːʔ] 'the big flower' (cf. Qenian: ye kaħerr àrd [jə ˈkʰahər ʔɔɯt])
No linking R: yi búd àrd [jɪ ˈpǔːʔ æ̂ːʔ] 'the big cave' (cf. Qenian: ye bùta àrd [jə ˈpuːtʰə ʔɔɯt])

Mutations

Báoluòveng has no eclipsis mutation, unlike Qenian. Lenition is similar to Qenian, except t lenites to θ /ħ/.

Grammar

Nouns

The Páuluòbeng noun system is much simpler than in Qenian: there is no case, and the masculine and the feminine merged to the common gender.

**Definite article**
singular		plural		collective
common	neuter	common	neuter	common	neuter
yi^L	yi	na	na^N	ba^L	ba

Verbs

Verbs, on the other hand, are more conservative than in Qenian and are more similar to Anvirese: conjugated verb forms are still used, and the -ìn preterite, derived from the Tigol -ín participle, is used with split-ergativity depending on whether the verb is transitive.