Togarmite/Old
| Old Togarmite | |
|---|---|
| θėgammī́θ | |
| Pronunciation | [/tʰɛːgamˈmiːtʰ/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Lõis |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
Old Togarmite or Classical Togarmite (θėgammī́θ /tʰɛːgamˈmiːtʰ/ or an lasė́n an θėgammī́θ /an laˈsɛːn an tʰɛːgamˈmiːtʰ/; Modern: Þėgamiþ ȝyþik) is an ancient Semitic language; it is the ancestor of Modern Togarmite. It is the liturgical language of the religion Θāħī́daθ an Hawū́θ in Lõis's Eastern Europe.
Phonology
Consonants
- m n /m n/
- p t c č k ʔ /p’ t’ ts’ tʃ’ k’ ʔ/
- b d j g /b d dʒ g/
- φ θ χ /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
- s š ħ h /s ʃ χ h/
- z ž ȝ /z ʒ ʁ/
- w l r y /w l r j/
Coda p t c č k were glottally reinforced: φasīt 'simple' /pʰa'si:t’/ was pronounced [pʰasi:ʔt’].
Vowels
Old Togarmite had the following vowels:
a ā e ė ē i ī ȯ ō u ū ay aw /a aː ɛ ɛː eː ɪ iː ɔː oː ʊ uː aj aw/
Stress
Stress is phonemic and not entirely predictable. Old Togarmite stress is a result of extensive analogical levelling from Proto-Semitic (particularly in verbs), and caused vowel lengthening as in Hebrew.
Final stress is common but less so than in Hebrew: Togarmite words often resemble Hebrew pausal forms with penultimate stress (e.g. OTog yasmā́ȝū /jasˈmaːʁuː/ 'they will hear', cf. Tiberian Hebrew pausal variant /jiʃˈmɔːʕuː/ for ישמעו /jiʃmăˈʕuː/ 'they hear').
Inflection
Pronouns
Independent
- 1sg: ʔanė́χ
- 2sg: ʔáθθa (m), ʔáθθi (f)
- 3sg: hū (m), hī (f)
- 1pl: náħnė
- 2pl: ʔáθθum (m), ʔéθθin (f)
- 3pl: hōm (m), hēn (f)
Object
- 1sg: -nī
- 2sg: -χa (f), -χi (f)
- 3sg: -uh/-hu (m), -ā/-hā (f)
- 1pl: -nė
- 2pl: -χum (m), -χin (f)
- 3pl: -um/-hum (m), -in/-hin (f)
Object pronouns immediately follow the verb and are written with a hyphen in native script: for example, gaddḗl-nī 'he made me great'.
Inflected prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have singular and plural numbers and three states as in Hebrew and Aramaic. Both definite nouns and definite adjectives are marked with the particle an. The formation of the construct follows a rather complex set of rules, often involving a stress shift.
A noun in the construct state is presumed to be definite. Only the last noun in a construct noun phrase can have its definiteness changed by adding an before it: bėθ báȝle 'a master's house' and bėθ an báȝle 'the master's house' are both definite.
Masculine nouns
ȝėlā́m = world
- absolute: ȝėlā́m, ȝėlamī́n
- construct: ȝė́lam, ȝėlā́mė
- definite: an ȝėlā́m, an ȝėlamī́n
Possessive forms are formed by adding possessive suffixes to construct forms:
singular: báyθī, báyθaχ, báyθeχ, báyθū, báyθā, báyθenė, báyθeχum, báyθeχin, báyθōm, báyθēn
plural: bėθáy, bėθáyχa, bėθáyχe, bėθáyyū, bėθáyyā, bėθáynė, bėθáyχum, bėθáyχin, bėθáyyum, bėθáyyin
Feminine -(a)θ nouns
ȝasū́raθ = noblewoman
- indefinite: ȝasū́raθ, ȝasūrė́θ
- construct: ȝasū́raθ, ȝasū́rėθ
- definite: an ȝasū́raθ, an ȝasūrė́θ
warášθ = last will
- indefinite: warášθ, warašė́θ
- construct: warášθ, warā́šėθ
- definite: an warášθ, an warašė́θ
Adjectives
Declension of tėb 'good' (modifying yawm (m.) 'day' and φarīθ (f.) 'fruit' respectively):
| number | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gender | m. | f. | m. | f. |
| indef. | yawm tėb | φarī́θ tė́baθ | yawmė́θ tėbī́n | φariyė́θ tėbė́θ |
| def. | an yawm an tė́b | an φarī́θ an tė́baθ | an yawmė́θ an tėbī́n | an φariyė́θ an tėbė́θ |
Verbs
- See Togarmite/Old/Gzarot for common verb irregularities..
Old Togarmite verbs are divided into 7 binyanim:
- φaȝāl/nuφȝāl - G/N-stem
- φaȝȝēl/φuȝȝāl - D-stem
- haφȝēl/hassuφȝāl - Š-stem
- haφθaȝāl - tG/Gt-stem
- niφθuȝāl - Nt-stem
- θaφaȝȝēl/θaφuȝȝāl - tD-stem
- hastaφȝēl/hastuφȝāl - Št-stem
Togarmite finite verbs have 7 morphological tenses:
- past: past action
- present: present, continuing or habitual action
- future: future action or completed in the future; gnomic tense
- subjunctive: for sequences of tenses
- optative: for sequences of tenses; less strong wishes
- jussive: demands; wishes
- imperative: direct commands
Binyan 1A: φaȝāl
Semantics: basic action
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | χaθábθ | χaθábθa | χaθábθi | χaθā́b | χaθā́baθ | χaθábnė | χaθábθum | χaθábθin | χaθā́bū | χaθábna |
| present | ʔaχėθṓb | θaχėθṓb | θaχėθṓbī | yaχėθṓb | yaχėθṓbī | naχėθṓb | θaχėθṓbū | θaχėθṓbna | yaχėθṓbū | yaχėθṓbna |
| future | ʔaχθṓb | θaχθṓb | θaχθṓbī | yaχθṓb | yaχθṓbī | naχθṓb | θaχθṓbū | θaχθúbna | yaχθṓbū | yaχθúbna |
| optative | ʔaχθubánna | θaχθubánna | θaχθubínna | yaχθubánna | yaχθubínna | naχθubánna | θaχθubúnna | θaχθubnánna | yaχθubúnna | yaχθubnánna |
| jussive | ʔáχθub | θáχθub | θáχθubī | yáχθub | yáχθubī | náχθub | θáχθubū | θáχθubna | yáχθubū | yáχθubna |
| imperative | - | χuθṓb! | χuθṓbī! | - | - | - | χuθṓbū! | χuθṓbna! | - | - |
| active participle | χėθḗb | |||||||||
| passive participle | maχθū́b | |||||||||
| verbal noun | χiθė́b | |||||||||
Example: ħamā́l 'to suffer', žaχā́r 'to remember'
Binyan 1P: nuφȝāl
Semantics: passive of Binyan 1; change of state
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | nugdálθ | nugdálθa | nugdálθi | nugdā́l | nugdā́laθ | nugdálnė | nugdálθum | nugdálθin | nugdā́lū | nugdálna |
| present | ʔuggėdā́l | θuggėdā́l | θuggėdā́lī | yuggėdā́l | yuggėdā́lī | nuggėdā́l | θuggėdā́lū | θuggėdálna | yuggėdā́lū | yuggėdálna |
| future | ʔuggadā́l | θuggadā́l | θuggadā́lī | yuggadā́l | yuggadā́lī | nuggadā́l | θuggadā́lū | θuggadálna | yuggadā́lū | yuggadálna |
| optative | ʔuggadalánna | θuggadalánna | θuggadalínna | yuggadalánna | yuggadalínna | nuggadalánna | θuggadalúnna | θuggadalnánna | yuggadalúnna | yuggadalnánna |
| jussive | ʔúggadal | θúggadal | θúggadalī | yúggadal | yúggadalī | núggadal | θúggadalū | θúggadalna | yúggadalū | yúggadalna |
| imperative | - | huggadā́l! | huggadā́lī! | - | - | - | huggadā́lū! | huggadálna! | - | - |
| participle | muggadā́l | |||||||||
| verbal noun | nugdė́l | |||||||||
Binyan 2A: φaȝȝēl
Semantics: intensive, causative, applicative, denominal verbs including 4-consonant verbs and loan verbs.
Examples:
- šabbḗr 'to shatter' (intensive of š-b-r 'to break')
- žaχχḗr 'to record' (causative of ž-χ-r 'to remember')
- ħassḗb 'to consider' (applicative of ħ-s-b 'to think')
- sayyḗr 'to sing the praises of' (applicative of s(-y-)r 'to sing')
- žāhḗb 'to gild' (denominative of žahāb 'gold')
- nabbḗʔ 'to prophesy, to call out' (from Hebrew נביא nâbiʔ)
- θargḗm 'to translate' (from Aramaic תרגום targum)
- lammḗs 'to give charitably; to give alms' (from lammū́sīn 'alms', from Greek eleēmosynē)
- raθθḗm 'to count' (the root r-θ-m was borrowed from Greek arithmos 'number')
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | žaχχírθ | žaχχírθa | žaχχírθi | žaχχḗr | žaχχḗraθ | žaχχírnė | žaχχírθum | žaχχírθin | žaχχḗrū | žaχχírna |
| present | ʔažaχėχḗr | θažaχėχḗr | θažaχėχḗrī | yažaχėχḗr | yažaχėχḗrī | nažaχėχḗr | θažaχėχḗrū | θažaχėχírna | yažaχėχḗrū | yažaχėχírna |
| future | ʔažaχχḗr | θažaχχḗr | θažaχχḗrī | yažaχχḗr | yažaχχḗrī | nažaχχḗr | θažaχχḗrū | θažaχχírna | yažaχχḗrū | yažaχχírna |
| optative | ʔažaχχiránna | θažaχχiránna | θažaχχirínna | yažaχχiránna | yažaχχirínna | nažaχχiránna | θažaχχirúnna | θažaχχirnánna | yažaχχirúnna | yažaχχirnánna |
| jussive | ʔažáχχir | θažáχχir | θažáχχirī | yažáχχir | yažáχχirī | nažáχχir | θažáχχirū | θažáχχirna | yažáχχirū | yažáχχirna |
| imperative | - | žaχχḗr! | žaχχḗrī! | - | - | - | žaχχḗrū! | žaχχírna! | - | - |
| participle | mužaχχḗr | |||||||||
| verbal noun | žaχχū́r, žiχχárθ | |||||||||
Binyan 2P: φuȝȝāl
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | žuχχárθ | žuχχárθa | žuχχárθi | žuχχā́r | žuχχā́raθ | žuχχárnė | žuχχárθum | žuχχárθin | žuχχā́rū | žuχχárna |
| present | ʔažuχėχā́r | θažuχėχā́r | θažuχėχā́rī | yažuχėχā́r | yažuχėχā́rī | nažuχėχā́r | θažuχėχā́rū | θažuχėχárna | yažuχėχā́rū | yažuχėχárna |
| future | ʔažuχχā́r | θažuχχā́r | θažuχχā́rī | yažuχχā́r | yažuχχā́rī | nažuχχā́r | θažuχχā́rū | θažuχχárna | yažuχχā́rū | yažuχχárna |
| optative | ʔažuχχaránna | θažuχχaránna | θažuχχarínna | yažuχχaránna | yažuχχarínna | nažuχχaránna | θažuχχarúnna | θažuχχarnánna | yažuχχarúnna | yažuχχarnánna |
| jussive | ʔažúχχar | θažúχχar | θažúχχarī | yažúχχar | yažúχχarī | nažúχχar | θažúχχarū | θažúχχarna | yažuχχarū | yažúχχarna |
| imperative | Verbs of this binyan have no imperatives. | |||||||||
| participle | mužuχχā́r | |||||||||
| verbal noun | Verbs of this binyan have no verbal nouns. | |||||||||
Binyan 3A: haφȝēl
Semantics: causative
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | hakdísθ | hakdísθa | hakdísθi | hakdḗs | hakdḗsaθ | hakdísnė | hakdísθum | hakdísθin | hakdḗsū | hakdísna |
| present | ʔakėdḗs | θakėdḗs | θakėdḗsī | yakėdḗs | yakėdḗsī | nakėdḗs | θakėdḗsū | θakėdísna | yakėdḗsū | yakėdísna |
| future | ʔakdḗs | θakdḗs | θakdḗsī | yakdḗs | yakdḗsī | nakdḗs | θakdḗsū | θakdísna | yakdḗsū | yakdísna |
| optative | ʔakdisánna | θakdisánna | θakdisínna | yakdisánna | yakdisínna | nakdisánna | θakdisúnna | θakdisnánna | yakdisúnna | yakdisnánna |
| jussive | ʔákdis | θákdis | θákdisī | yákdis | yákdisī | nákdis | θákdisū | θákdisna | yákdisū | yákdisna |
| imperative | - | hakdḗs! | hakdḗsī! | - | - | - | hakdḗsū! | hakdísna! | - | - |
| participle | makdḗs | |||||||||
| verbal noun | hakdū́s | |||||||||
Binyan 3P: huφȝāl, hissuφȝāl
A variant of this binyan is hissuφȝāl, from older *in-suφȝāl.
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | hukdásθ | hukdásθa | hukdásθi | hukdā́s | hukdā́saθ | hukdásnė | hukdásθum | hukdásθin | hukdā́sū | hukdásna |
| present | ʔukėdā́s | θukėdā́s | θukėdā́sī | yukėdā́s | yukėdā́sī | nukėdā́s | θukėdā́sū | θukėdásna | yukėdā́sū | yukėdásna |
| future | ʔukdā́s | θukdā́s | θukdā́sī | yukdā́s | yukdā́sī | nukdā́s | θukdā́sū | θukdásna | yukdā́sū | yukdásna |
| optative | ʔukdasánna | θukdasánna | θukdasínna | yukdasánna | yukdasínna | nukdasánna | θukdasúnna | θukdasnánna | yukdasúnna | yukdasnánna |
| jussive | ʔúkdas | θúkdas | θúkdasī | yúkdas | yúkdasī | núkdas | θúkdasū | θúkdasna | yúkdasū | yúkdasna |
| imperative | Verbs of this binyan have no imperatives. | |||||||||
| participle | mukdā́s | |||||||||
| verbal noun | Verbs of this binyan have no imperatives. | |||||||||
Binyan 4: heθφaȝāl
Semantics: reflexive, reciprocal, event or change of state
Metathesis happens when C1 ∈ {s, š, c, z, ž, j, ħ, ȝ}: θs θš θc θz θž θħ θȝ > st št ct zd žd ħt ȝd.
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | heθlaħámθ | heθlaħámθa | heθlaħámθi | heθlaħā́m | heθlaħā́maθ | heθlaħámnė | heθlaħámθum | heθlaħámθin | heθlaħā́mū | heθlaħámna |
| present | ʔeθlėħā́m | θeθlėħā́m | θeθlėħā́mī | yeθlėħā́m | yeθlėħā́mī | neθlėħā́m | θeθlėħā́mū | θeθlėħámna | yeθlėħā́mū | yeθlėħámna |
| future | ʔeθlaħā́m | θeθlaħā́m | θeθlaħā́mī | yeθlaħā́m | yeθlaħā́mī | neθlaħā́m | θeθlaħā́mū | θeθlaħámna | yeθlaħā́mū | yeθlaħámna |
| optative | ʔeθlaħamánna | θeθlaħamánna | θeθlaħamínna | yeθlaħamánna | yeθlaħamínna | neθlaħamánna | θeθlaħamúnna | θeθlaħamnánna | yeθlaħamánna | yeθlaħamnánna |
| jussive | ʔéθlaħam | θéθlaħam | θéθlaħamī | yéθlaħam | yéθlaħamī | néθlaħam | θéθlaħamū | θéθlaħamna | yéθlaħamū | yéθlaħamna |
| imperative | - | heθlaħā́m! | heθlaħā́mī! | - | - | - | heθlaħā́mū! | heθlaħámna! | - | - |
| active participle | meθlaħā́m | |||||||||
| verbal noun | heθlaħū́m | |||||||||
Binyan 5: niθφuȝāl
Semantics: reflexive or change of state
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | niθluħámθ | niθluħámθa | niθluħámθi | niθluħā́m | niθluħā́maθ | niθluħámnė | niθluħámθum | niθluħámθin | niθluħā́mū | niθluħámna |
| present | ʔeθθulėħā́m | θeθθulėħā́m | θeθθulėħā́mī | yeθθulėħā́m | yeθθulėħā́mī | neθθulėħā́m | θeθθulėħā́mū́ | θeθθulėħámna | yeθθulėħā́mū | yeθθulėħámna |
| future | ʔeθθulħā́m | θeθθulħā́m | θeθθulħā́mī | yeθθulħā́m | yeθθulħā́mī | neθθulħā́m | θeθθulħā́mū́ | θeθθulħámna | yeθθulħā́mū | yeθθulħámna |
| optative | ʔeθθulħamánna | θeθθulħamánna | θeθθulħamínna | yeθθulħamánna | yeθθulħamínna | neθθulħamánna | θeθθulħamúnna | θeθθulħamnánna | yeθθulħamánna | yeθθulħamnánna |
| jussive | ʔeθθúlħam | θeθθúlħam | θeθθúlħamī | yeθθúlħam | yeθθúlħamī | neθθúlħam | θeθθúlħamū | θeθθúlħamna | yeθθúlħamū | yeθθúlħamna |
| imperative | - | heθθulħā́m! | heθθulħā́mī! | - | - | - | heθθulħā́mū! | heθθulħámna! | - | - |
| active participle | meθθulħā́m | |||||||||
| verbal noun | niθlaħė́m | |||||||||
Binyan 6A: θaφaȝȝēl
Semantics: "back-and-forth" actions
Example: θažaχχēr 'to resent, to desire revenge on'
Conjugation is similar to Binyan 2, just with the prefix θa- added.
Binyan 6P: θaφuȝȝāl
Binyan 7A: hastaφȝēl
Semantics: "to make oneself X"; "to take it upon oneself to X"; tends to form verbs involving conscious decision.
Examples:
- hastamȝḗl 'to dare, to venture'
- hastažχḗr 'to make note of'
- hastaχθḗb 'to copy, to transcribe'
- hastaχlė 'to commit suicide'
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | hastatȝímθ | hastatȝímθa | hastatȝímθi | hastatȝḗm | hastatȝḗmaθ | hastatȝímnė | hastatȝímtum | hastatȝímtin | hastatȝḗmū | hastatȝímna |
| subjunctive | wastatȝímθī | wastatȝímθa | wastatȝímθi | wastatȝḗm | wastatȝḗmaθ | wastatȝímnė | wastatȝímtum | wastatȝímtin | wastatȝḗmū | wastatȝímna |
| future | ʔastatȝḗm | θastatȝḗm | θastatȝḗmī | yastatȝḗm | yastatȝḗmī | nastatȝḗm | θastatȝḗmū | θastatȝímna | yastatȝḗmū | yastatȝímna |
| optative | ʔastatȝimánna | θastatȝimánna | θastatȝimínna | yastatȝimánna | yastatȝimínna | nastatȝimánna | θastatȝimúnna | θastatȝímnanna | yastatȝimúnna | yastatȝímnanna |
| jussive | ʔastátȝim | θastátȝim | θastátȝimī | yastátȝim | yastátȝimī | nastátȝim | θastátȝimū | θastátȝímna | yastátȝimū | yastátȝimna |
| imperative | - | hastatȝḗm! | hastatȝḗmī! | - | - | - | hastatȝḗmū! | hastatȝímna! | - | - |
| participle | mustatȝḗm | |||||||||
| verbal noun | hastatȝū́m | |||||||||
Binyan 7P: hastuφȝāl
| → Person ↓ Tense |
1s | 2ms | 2fs | 3ms | 3fs | 1p | 2mp | 2fp | 3mp | 3fp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past | hastutȝámθ | hastutȝámθa | hastutȝámθi | hastutȝā́m | hastutȝā́maθ | hastutȝámnė | hastutȝámθum | hastutȝámθin | hastutȝā́mū | hastutȝā́mė |
| present | ʔastutėȝā́m | θastutėȝā́m | θastutėȝā́mī | yastutėȝā́m | yastutėȝā́mī | nastutėȝā́m | θastutėȝā́mū | θastutėȝámna | yastutėȝā́mū | yastutėȝámna |
| future | ʔastutȝā́m | θastutȝā́m | θastutȝā́mī | yastutȝā́m | yastutȝā́mī | nastutȝā́m | θastutȝā́mū | θastutȝámna | yastutȝā́mū | yastutȝámna |
| optative | ʔastutȝamánna | θastutȝamánna | θastutȝamínna | yastutȝamánna | yastutȝamínna | nastutȝamánna | θastutȝamúnna | θastutȝamnánna | yastutȝamúnna | yastutȝamnánna |
| optative | ʔastútȝam | θastútȝam | θastútȝamī | yastútȝam | yastútȝamī | nastútȝam | θastútȝam | θastútȝamna | yastutȝamū | yastútȝamna |
| imperative | Verbs of this binyan have no imperatives. | |||||||||
| participle | mustutȝā́m | |||||||||
| verbal noun | Verbs of this binyan have no verbal nouns. | |||||||||
Numerals
Numerals ending in 3 through 9 or 10 display the Semitic gender polarity: masculine nouns are maredd with -θ while feminine nouns are unmarked.
- m. ʔaħā́d, f. ʔaħā́θ
- m. šenáyn, f. šeθθáyn, construct šenė, šeθθė
- m. šalė́šaθ, f. šalė́š
- m. ʔarbáȝθ, f. ʔarbáȝ
- m. ħámsaθ, f. ħámse
- m. síθšaθ, f. síθše
- m. sábȝaθ, f. sábȝe
- m. šamė́nīθ, f. šamė́ni
- m. θísȝaθ, f. θísȝe
- m. ȝášraθ, f. ȝášre
Syntax
Vocabulary
Derivation
Sample texts
Schleicher
An xabš wan φarasīn
Χabše, žī lawh lė hawė šamre, φarasīn raʔė: yagór ʔaħād marχabaθ šakūl, wa-yaħmól ʔaħād ħemle gadėl, wa-yaħmól ʔaħād ħaφīzan ʔinės. Yaʔmar an xabš: Mār lī an lēb, bi-raʔėθī ʔinės rėχib φarasīn. Yaʔmarū an φarasīn: Šumaʕ an xabše! Mār lanė an lēb bi-raʔėθinė žinė: ʔinės an baʕle yaʕłiyu
yagrur ʔaħadum minhumū markʰabatʰam þakūlam, wa-yaħmil ʔaħadum ħimlam gadālam, wa-yaħmil mahīram aħadum ʔināšam. Wa-yakūl han-kʰabłu: Marra lī han-libbu, bi-raʔātʰī ʔināšam rākʰibam pʰarašīm. Wa-yakūlū han-pʰarašū: Šamaʕ han-kʰabła! Marra lanā han-libbu, bi-raʔātʰinā ðā: ʔināšum han-baʕlu yaʕłiyu lahu malbašatʰam ħamīmatʰam min tłamri han-kʰabłī. Wa-lā li-han-kʰabłi tłamrum. Bi-šamāʕi han-kʰabłi ðā, yabraħ ʔila han-ładiyi.