I Kronurum

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I Kronurum
«that what is spoken»
IKronurum.png
Pronunciation[/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/]
Created by
Native to?
Native speakers? (2014)
?
  • I Kronurum
Early forms
Ancient I.K.
  • Old I.K.
    • Middle I.K.
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Background

The language known as I Kronurum

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of I Kronurum

Consonant inventory

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d k g ʔ
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Trill r
Tap or flap ɾ
Fricative (β) f θ ð s ʃ x (ɣ) h
Lateral fric. (ɬ)
Approximant w j
Lateral app. l

Consonant allophony

· /p/ and /t/, except when result of a mutation, become aspirated when in initial position before a vowel (/pʰV/, /tʰV/)

· /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, 1.s=”I”).

· ‹g› = /x/ only in coda after a front vowel (eg. ‹sig›, /ˈsix/, “until”).

Vowels

The vowels of I Kronurum

Vowel inventory

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
 
i
u
(ʊ)
(ɘ)
(ɛ)
(ɐ)
(a)
ɑ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Vowel allophony

· /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

· /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut

Other dipthongs

Other contextual phonological phenomena

YET TO BE PROPERLY DESCRIBED

· -ren-rin- → -relin-

· jw+u /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] sky= juska /ˈjus.kɐ/, ó jubsken /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/

· /u̜.j/ → /ui̯/ fish= strójr /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.)= strójran /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/

· -/m/ /b/- → -/mb̥/- som breja /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)(C)N(C)(N) The nucleus N must be either a vowel or syllabic R or N.

Orthography

Latin script

The use of ‹å› is merely orthographic and serves the purpose of bringing the causative ‹-a-› to be correctly pronounced /ɑ/, given that ‹a› in this position should be otherwise realised as /a/ or /ɐ/.

Gothic script

Native script

Grammar

Morphology

Pro-drop A/N

Nominal morphology

Nouns are marked for number and gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

0 1 2 3 4
noun det pl and nom, gen, akk, dat, inst, loc, all

In the genitive and accusative cases, the root is preceded by a preposition.


Declension particles and other affixes
Onset mutations

Mutation context and mutation continuities

Onset mutation is triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases.

The unmodified consonant would have a mutation of grade cero.

The preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers mutation one.

The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (AKK) and triggers mutation two.

THIS SECTION WILL BE REVISITED TO MAKE A BETTER GROUPING OF THE MUTATIONS BY TYPE INSTEAD OF BY TRIGGER

mutation
0 1
w- /w/ gw- /gʷ/
k- /k/ g- /g/~/ɣ/
h- /h/~/χ/ k- /k/
t- /t/ d- /d/
s- /s/ þ- /θ/
f- /f/ p- /p/
b- /b/~/β/ p- /p/
n- /n/ nw- /nʷ/
m- /m/ mw- /mʷ/
j- /j/ jw- /jʷ/
l- /l/ l- /l /
mutation
0 2
w- /w/ ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
k- /k/ h- /h/~/χ/
h- /h/~/χ/ g- /g/~/ɣ/
t- /t/ ð- /ð/
s- /s/ ś- /ʃ/
f- /f/ b- /b/
b- /b/~/β/ f- /f/
n- /n/ ñ- /ɲ/
m- /m/ w- /w/
j- /j/ ñ- /ɲ/
l- /l/ lh- /ɬ/


Plurals
Diminutives
Augmentatives
Superlatives

Personal pronouns

Adjectives

Verbal morphology

Verbs are marked for tense, mood, aspect, number and, in the third person, also gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

-1 -2 0 1 2
Passive voice marker Aspect marker prefix verb Conjugation affix for person, number and mood Aspect marker suffix
Regular conjugation paradigms

There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled i, ii, iii and iv

Aspect markers

Verbal aspect is marked as follows:


Adverbs

Derivational morphology

Derivation of nouns
Derivation of adjectives

Syntax

Sentence structure

1
a
b
2
3