Proto-Rugic/Swadesh list
Swadesh list
| No. | English | Proto-Germano-Balto-Slavic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | *ēzų |
| 2 | you (singular) | *þū |
| 3 | he | *iz; *anaz |
| 4 | we | *mez, *miz |
| 5 | you (plural) | *jūz, *juz |
| 6 | they | *īz |
| 7 | this | *siz |
| 8 | that | *þaz; *anaz |
| 9 | here | *sī |
| 10 | there | *þut |
| 11 | who | *haz |
| 12 | what | *hą |
| 13 | where | *hut |
| 14 | when | *hatō |
| 15 | how | *hōhaz |
| 16 | not | ne |
| 17 | all | *wisaz |
| 18 | many | *manakaz |
| 19 | some | *hiliz |
| 20 | few | |
| 21 | other | |
| 22 | one | *ainaz |
| 23 | two | *twō |
| 24 | three | *þrīz |
| 25 | four | *heduriz |
| 26 | five | *finh |
| 27 | big | |
| 28 | long | *tilkaz |
| 29 | wide | *fladuz |
| 30 | thick | *stōraz |
| 31 | heavy | *þinguz |
| 32 | small | *smalaz |
| 33 | short | *kartuz |
| 34 | narrow | *anguz |
| 35 | thin | *þinnaz |
| 36 | woman | *kenō |
| 37 | man (adult male) | *wīraz |
| 38 | man (human being) | *zumô |
| 39 | child | *tēdiz; *waigaz |
| 40 | wife | *kenō |
| 41 | husband | *mankijaz |
| 42 | mother | *mōþê (*mōþer-) |
| 43 | father | *þewaz |
| 44 | animal | *dwēriz |
| 45 | fish | *gūz (*guw-) |
| 46 | bird | *fudō |
| 47 | dog | *hwô (*hun-) |
| 48 | louse | |
| 49 | snake | *ankiz |
| 50 | worm | *hirmiz |
| 51 | tree | *terwą |
| 52 | forest | *lēsuz |
| 53 | stick | *haugaz |
| 54 | fruit | |
| 55 | seed | *sēmį |
| 56 | leaf | *lafaz |
| 57 | root | *harô |
| 58 | bark | *harō |
| 59 | flower | *hwaidaz |
| 60 | grass | *þrōwō |
| 61 | rope | *wirwiz |
| 62 | skin | *ōtō |
| 63 | meat | *minzō |
| 64 | blood | *hrawją |
| 65 | bone | *haulaz |
| 66 | fat (noun) | *þaugaz |
| 67 | egg | *ōjją |
| 68 | horn | *rakaz |
| 69 | tail | |
| 70 | feather | *flunhsnō |
| 71 | hair | |
| 72 | head | *kalwō |
| 73 | ear | *ausiz |
| 74 | eye | |
| 75 | nose | |
| 76 | mouth | |
| 77 | tooth | *tandiz; *gampaz |
| 78 | tongue | *inzūz |
| 79 | fingernail | |
| 80 | foot | *fēdō |
| 81 | leg | |
| 82 | knee | |
| 83 | hand | *ranhō |
| 84 | wing | *sparnaz |
| 85 | belly | *indrą |
| 86 | guts | *wēterō |
| 87 | neck | |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | *firsiz |
| 90 | heart | *sirtiz |
| 91 | liver | *jahnō |
| 92 | to drink | |
| 93 | to eat | *ēstī |
| 94 | to bite | *kanstī |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | *speuþī |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | *wēþī |
| 99 | to breathe | *gūzōþī |
| 100 | to laugh | smijēþī |
| 101 | to see | *wītēþī |
| 102 | to hear | *hlauziþī |
| 103 | to know | *dinōþī |
| 104 | to think | *minēþī |
| 105 | to smell | *ōstī |
| 106 | to fear | *bōþī |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 110 | to kill | |
| 111 | to fight | |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | |
| 122 | to come | |
| 123 | to lie | |
| 124 | to sit | |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | |
| 140 | to say | |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | *saulijō; *sulliz |
| 148 | moon | *mēnô |
| 149 | star | *kwaistō |
| 150 | water | *wantô |
| 151 | rain | |
| 152 | river | *afō |
| 153 | lake | *ezerą |
| 154 | sea | *mari |
| 155 | salt | |
| 156 | stone | *ahmô |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | |
| 159 | earth | *demê |
| 160 | cloud | *nepaz |
| 161 | fog | *miklō |
| 162 | sky | |
| 163 | wind | *wēþrō |
| 164 | snow | *snaikaz |
| 165 | ice | *letuz |
| 166 | smoke | *tūmaz |
| 167 | fire | *unkniz |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | *tihtī |
| 170 | road | *fanþiz |
| 171 | mountain | |
| 172 | red | *rautaz |
| 173 | green | *diliz |
| 174 | yellow | *kilþaz |
| 175 | white | *palþaz |
| 176 | black | |
| 177 | night | *nahtiz |
| 178 | day | *tīnaz |
| 179 | year | |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | *fillaz |
| 183 | new | *nawjaz |
| 184 | old | *senaz |
| 185 | good | |
| 186 | bad | |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | |
| 190 | round | |
| 191 | sharp | *agraz |
| 192 | dull | |
| 193 | smooth | *klōtuz |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | *sauzaz |
| 196 | correct | |
| 197 | near | |
| 198 | far | |
| 199 | right | *tisinaz |
| 200 | left | *laiwaz |
| 201 | at | *frī |
| 202 | in | *in |
| 203 | with | *hun |
| 204 | and | *ō; *ir; *ī |
| 205 | if | |
| 206 | because | |
| 207 | name | *immį |