Tigol/Morphology
< Tigol
Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
Nouns
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verb prefixes
Object prefixes
Verb TAMs
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
- Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
- Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sormaiṁ /sormai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·sorma /niːˈsorma/ 'he does not find' (modern sorm)
- Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
- Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dos·coḃ /dosˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (*de-as-coḃ), ní·dép /niːˈdeːp/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern déab)
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
Present
| Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG | túsain < tússanis ní·tús < nīs tússan |
as·tóċ < astósāconis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācon |
| 2SG | túsair < tússaris ní·túsar < nīs tússar |
as·tóċar < astósācoris ní·assaċar < nīs ástosācor |
| 3SG.M | túsaiṁ < tússamis ní·tús < nīs tússam |
as·tóċ < astósācomis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācom |
| 3SG.F | túsae < tússasis ní·túsae < nīs tússasi |
as·tóċae < astósācosis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācosi |
| 3SG.N | tús < tússas ní·tús < nīs tússa |
as·tóċ < astósācos ní·assaċ < nīs ástosāco |
| 1EX | túsme < tússamēs ní·túsaiṁ < nīs tússamē |
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomēs ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs ástosācomē |
| 1IN | túsait < tússantis ní·túsat < nīs tússant |
as·tóċat < astósācontis ní·assaċat < nīs ástosācont |
| 2PL | túsaisc < tússasces ní·túsaisc < nīs tússasce |
as·tóċaisc < astósācosces ní·assaċaisc < nīs ástosācosce |
| 3PL | túsaiḋ < tússatis ní·túsaḋ < nīs tússat |
as·tóċaḋ < astósācotis ní·assaċaḋ < nīs ástosācot |
Imperfect
The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.
Preterite
| Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG | túsnim < tússannemis ní·túsainn < nīs tússannem |
as·tóċainn < astósāconnemis ní·assaċainn < nīs ástosāconnem |
| 2SG | túsra < tússarȳs ní·túsar < nīs tússarȳ |
as·tóċar < astósācorȳs ní·assaċar < nīs ástosācorȳs |
| 3SG.M | túsaim < tússasmis ní·túsaim < nīs tússasmi |
as·tóċaim < astósācosmis ní·assaċaim < nīs ástosācosmi |
| 3SG.F | túsais < tússastis ní·túsais < nīs tússasti |
as·tóċais < astósācostis ní·assaċais < nīs ástosācosti |
| 3SG.N | túsá < tússasos ní·túsá < nīs tússaso |
as·tóċá < astósācosos ní·assaċá < nīs ástosācoso |
| 1EX | túsmeir < tússameris ní·túsmer < nīs tússamer |
as·tóċmer < astósācomeris ní·assaċmer < nīs ástosācomer |
| 1IN | túsdeir < tússanteris ní·túsder < nīs tússanter |
as·tóċat < astósācontis ní·assaċat < nīs ástosācont |
| 2PL | túsceir < tússasceris ní·túscer < nīs tússascer |
as·tóccer < astósācosceris ní·assaccer < nīs ástosācoscer |
| 3PL | túsṫeir < tússateris ní·túsṫer < nīs tússater |
as·tóċṫer < astósācoteris ní·assaċṫer < nīs ástosācoter |
Future
Subjunctive
Conditional
Partially influenced by optative, partially by preterite