Tigol/Morphology
< Tigol
Morphology is the most complex part of Old Tíogall. Much of Proto-Talmic morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
Nouns
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verb prefixes
Object prefixes
Verb TAMs
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
- Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. túsaiṁ /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ní·túsa /niːˈtuːsa/ 'he does not pray' (modern tús)
- Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. sormaiṁ /sormai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ní·sorma /niːˈsorma/ 'he does not find' (modern sorm)
- Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. as·tóċ /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ní·assaċ /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern stóch)
- Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. dos·coḃ /dosˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (*de-as-coḃ), ní·dép /niːˈdeːp/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern déab)
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
Present
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsain < tússanis ní·tús < nīs tússan |
sormain < sormynis ní·sorm < nīs sormyn |
as·tóċ < astósāconis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācon |
2SG | túsair < tússaris ní·túsar < nīs tússar |
sormair < sormyris ní·sormar < nīs sormyr |
as·tóċar < astósācoris ní·assaċar < nīs ástosācor |
3SG.M | túsaiṁ < tússamis ní·tús < nīs tússam |
sormaiṁ < sormymis ní·sorm < nīs sormym |
as·tóċ < astósācomis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācom |
3SG.F | túsaé < tússasis ní·túsaé < nīs tússasi |
sormaé < sormysis ní·sormaé < nīs sormysi |
as·tóċaé < astósācosis ní·assaċ < nīs ástosācosi |
3SG.N | tús < tússas ní·tús < nīs tússa |
soirm < sormis ní·sorm < nīs sormy |
as·tóċ < astósācos ní·assaċ < nīs ástosāco |
1EX | túsme < tússamēs ní·túsaiṁ < nīs tússamē |
sormme < sormymēs ní·sormaiṁ nīs sormymē |
as·tóċaiṁ < astósācomēs ní·assaċaiṁ < nīs ástosācomē |
1IN | túsait < tússantis ní·túsat < nīs tússant |
sormait < sormyntis ní·sormat nīs sormynt |
as·tóċat < astósācontis ní·assaċat < nīs ástosācont |
2PL | túsaisc < tússasces ní·túsaisc < nīs tússasce |
sormaisc < sormysces ní·sormasc nīs sormysce |
as·tóċaisc < astósācosces ní·assaċaisc < nīs ástosācosce |
3PL | túsaiḋ < tússatis ní·túsaḋ < nīs tússat |
sormaiḋ < sormytis ní·sormaḋ nīs sormyt |
as·tóċaḋ < astósācotis ní·assaċaḋ < nīs ástosācot |
Imperfect
The imperfect is formed with reduplication as in Thensarian.
Preterite
Person | túsain "pray, request" (non-prefixed, non-ablauting) |
sormain '"find" (non-prefixed, ablauting) |
as·tóċan "prove" (prefixed, non-ablauting) |
---|---|---|---|
1SG | túsnaim < tússannemis ní·túsainn < nīs tússannem |
sirmnim < sirminnemis ní·sirminn < nīs sirminnem |
as·tóċainn < astósāconnemis ní·assaċainn < nīs ástosāconnem |
2SG | túsaí < tússavȳs ní·túsaí < nīs tússavȳ |
sirmí < sirmivȳs ní·sirmí < nīs sirmivȳ |
as·tóċaí < astósācovȳs ní·assaċaí < nīs ástosācovȳ |
3SG.M | túsaim < tússasmis ní·túsaim < nīs tússasmi |
sirmim < sirmismis ní·sirmim < nīs sirmismi |
as·tóċaim < astósācosmis ní·assaċaim < nīs ástosācosmi |
3SG.F | túsais < tússastis ní·túsais < nīs tússasti |
sirmis < sirmistis ní·sirmis < nīs sirmisti |
as·tóċais < astósācostis ní·assaċais < nīs ástosācosti |
3SG.N | túsá < tússasos ní·túsá < nīs tússaso |
sirmeo < sirmisos ní·sirmeo < nīs sirmiso |
as·tóċá < astósācosos ní·assaċá < nīs ástosācoso |
1EX | túsmair < tússameris ní·túsmar < nīs tússamer |
sirmmir < sirmimeris ní·sirmmer < nīs sirmimeris |
as·tóċmar < astósācomeris ní·assaċmar < nīs ástosācomer |
1IN | túsdair < tússanteris ní·túsdar < nīs tússanter |
sirmdir < sirminteris ní·sirmder < nīs sirminteris |
as·tóċdar < astósāconteris ní·assaċdar < nīs ástosāconter |
2PL | tússcair < tússasceris ní·tússcar < nīs tússascer |
sirmscir < sirmisceris ní·sirmscer < nīs sirmisceris |
as·tóċscar < astósācosceris ní·assaċscar < nīs ástosācoscer |
3PL | túsṫair < tússateris ní·túsṫar < nīs tússater |
sirmṫir < sirmiteris ní·sirmṫer < nīs sirmiteris |
as·tóċṫar < astósācoteris ní·assaċṫar < nīs ástosācoter |
Future
Subjunctive
Conditional
Combination of optative/future + preterite