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Tameï: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Gender==== | |||
Tameï has three grammatical genders (''chiâ'', pl. ''chigūz''): masculine, feminine, and neuter. In most cases, they can be predicted based on the ending of the noun: | |||
* The masculine class (''p′ūkiŧow chiâ'') includes most nouns ending in consonants (except ''-x'' and ''-z''), including in ''-ey'' and ''-ow''; | |||
* The feminine class (''ninyaŧow chiâ'') includes all nouns ending in ''-i'' and ''-e'' (excluding the ''-wałe'' deverbal suffix, which is neuter), and most ''-ū'' and ''-a'' ones (incl. all Russian borrowings in ''-a''). | |||
* The neuter class (''đalūnaŧow chiâ'') includes all nouns ending in ''-u'' and ''-o'', all those nouns ending in ''-x'' and ''-z'', and many ''-a'' ones. | |||
There is no general pattern, not even semantic, for which ''-a'' nouns are feminine and which ones are neuter: for example among geographical features ''neyna'' "island" and ''r′ulka'' "beach" are feminine, while ''łäna'' "stream" is neuter, while among body parts ''kilka'' "foot" is neuter and ''nomisa'' "leg" is feminine. | |||
A notable feature of Tameï classes is that they almost never correlate with natural gender: as such the word ''p′ūki'' "man" is feminine, while ''niny'' "woman" is masculine (as is ''đalūn'' "stone", which is the root ''đalūnaŧe'' "neuter" is built on). | |||
====Plural nominative==== | ====Plural nominative==== | ||
The plural nominative is, for many nouns, a principal part, because various, as of today still unclear, sound changes in the past have led many native root nouns to have extremely irregular forms. | The plural nominative is, for many nouns, a principal part, because various, as of today still unclear, sound changes in the past have led many native root nouns to have extremely irregular forms. | ||
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: ''łäna'' (stream) → ''łäny'' (streams) | : ''łäna'' (stream) → ''łäny'' (streams) | ||
: ''nânyarugencina'' (Argentinian) → ''nânyarugenciny'' (Argentinians) | : ''nânyarugencina'' (Argentinian) → ''nânyarugenciny'' (Argentinians) | ||
A few ''-a'' nouns have their plural in ''-â'' (with a stress shift): | |||
: ''nomisa'' /ˈnomiθa/ (leg) → ''nomisâ'' /nomiˈθa/ (legs) | |||
Some -CCV nouns undergo cluster breaking, often with not quite predictable results: | Some -CCV nouns undergo cluster breaking, often with not quite predictable results: | ||
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Others are synchronically irregular: | Others are synchronically irregular: | ||
: ''nyuta'' (day) → ''nyich'' (days) | : ''nyuta'' (day) → ''nyich'' (days) | ||
: ''niny'' (woman) → ''nayim'' (women) | |||
: ''kilka'' (foot) → ''kiwchiny'' (foot) | : ''kilka'' (foot) → ''kiwchiny'' (foot) | ||
: ''p′ūki'' (man) → ''p′ūx'' (men) | |||
Some nouns (mostly neuter, but a few masculine ones as well) pluralize with ''-ūz'', with or without any other change: | |||
: ''đalūn'' (pebble) → ''đownūz'' (pebbles) | |||
: ''chiâ'' (category, group, class) → ''chigūz'' (categories, groups, classes) | |||
Some adjectival roots pluralize as adjectives do: | Some adjectival roots pluralize as adjectives do: | ||