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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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'''-yāva''' with lengthening denotes a quality.<br/> | '''-yāva''' with lengthening denotes a quality.<br/> | ||
* ''māl'' (to keep together) → ''mālyāva'' (union)<br/> | * ''māl'' (to keep together) → ''mālyāva'' (union)<br/> | ||
* ''hælvē'' (fruit) → ''šaulvyāva'' (fertility) (morphemically // | * ''hælvē'' (fruit) → ''šaulvyāva'' (fertility) (morphemically //hyaulvyava//)<br/> | ||
* ''blut'' (to clean) → ''blūtyāva'' (cleanliness) | * ''blut'' (to clean) → ''blūtyāva'' (cleanliness) | ||
* Lengthening is absent if the word is derived from an ''-aus-'' adjectival verb (e.g. ''chlærausake'' ((to be) easy) → ''chlærausyāva'' (easiness)) and in a few exceptions (e.g. ''lalla'' (high) → ''lalliyāva'' (highness, superiority)). ''taugyāva'' (life) has ''au'' because it's derived from ''taugikā'' (heart) and not the bare root ''tug'' (to beat). | * Lengthening is absent if the word is derived from an ''-aus-'' adjectival verb (e.g. ''chlærausake'' ((to be) easy) → ''chlærausyāva'' (easiness)) and in a few exceptions (e.g. ''lalla'' (high) → ''lalliyāva'' (highness, superiority)). ''taugyāva'' (life) has ''au'' because it's derived from ''taugikā'' (heart) and not the bare root ''tug'' (to beat). | ||
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* ''yālv'' (to be sweet (taste)) → ''yālvišam'' (sweetness) | * ''yālv'' (to be sweet (taste)) → ''yālvišam'' (sweetness) | ||
* ''ñailūh'' (ice) → ''ñailūvišam'' (coldness) | * ''ñailūh'' (ice) → ''ñailūvišam'' (coldness) | ||
* '' | * ''nevy'' (to model, to give a form) → ''nevīšam'' (plastic) (This word underwent a meaning shift from "modellability" to a common material with that quality, replacing the derived form ''nevīšandhūs'' previously used. "Modellability" is ''nyavyāva'' in contemporary Chlouvānem.) | ||
'''-āmita''' (''- | '''-āmita''' (''-yāmita'' when used with nouns with thematic ''e'' or ''i''), often with high-grade ablaut, is another suffix forming quality nouns, but it is often more abstract, being translatable with suffixes like English ''-ism''.<br/> | ||
* ''lalteh'' (friend (female)) → '' | * ''lalteh'' (friend (female)) → ''laltyāmita'' (friendship)<br/> | ||
* ''ēmīla'' (tiger) → ''ēmīlāmita'' (nobility (quality); most important people in society<ref>Chlouvānem society lacked a true noble class; this term applies to the most influential people in society. Tigers are considered among the noblest animals.</ref>)<br/> | * ''ēmīla'' (tiger) → ''ēmīlāmita'' (nobility (quality); most important people in society<ref>Chlouvānem society lacked a true noble class; this term applies to the most influential people in society. Tigers are considered among the noblest animals.</ref>)<br/> | ||
* ''ñæltah'' (sister ( | * ''ñæltah'' (sister (male's)) → ''ñæltāmita'' (brotherhood) | ||
'''-endān''' (''-indān'' after voiced stops, and ''-innān'' after '''d'''), with middle-grade ablaut, has various generic and sometimes unpredictable meanings, though typically instrumental. | '''-endān''' (''-indān'' after voiced stops, and ''-innān'' after '''d'''), with middle-grade ablaut, has various generic and sometimes unpredictable meanings, though typically instrumental. | ||
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* ''tarlā'' (knowledge, science) → ''tārlāmis'' (wisdom) | * ''tarlā'' (knowledge, science) → ''tārlāmis'' (wisdom) | ||
* ''lil'' (to live) → ''līlāmis'' (a blissful place) | * ''lil'' (to live) → ''līlāmis'' (a blissful place) | ||
* Words ending in a final long vowel (plus either ''h'', ''s'', or ''m'') do not lengthen any vowel in a previous syllable (e.g. '' | * Words ending in a final long vowel (plus either ''h'', ''s'', or ''m'') do not lengthen any vowel in a previous syllable (e.g. ''ñaryāh'' (mountain) → ''ñaryāmis'' (mountainous area)). | ||
'''-ikā''' has various meanings, often somewhat abstract, intensive, or related to highly valued things/roles. | '''-ikā''' has various meanings, often somewhat abstract, intensive, or related to highly valued things/roles. | ||
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* ''Līlasuṃghāṇa'' → ''līlasuṃghāṇyūs'' | * ''Līlasuṃghāṇa'' → ''līlasuṃghāṇyūs'' | ||
* ''Cami'' → ''camiyūs'' | * ''Cami'' → ''camiyūs'' | ||
* '' | * ''ʡalyākina'' → ''ƾalyākyūs'' | ||
'''-yadnis''' is a rare synonym of ''-yūs'', typically used with ''-is'', ''-im'', ''-ai'', and a few ''-ih'' toponyms: | '''-yadnis''' is a rare synonym of ''-yūs'', typically used with ''-is'', ''-im'', ''-ai'', and a few ''-ih'' toponyms: | ||
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* ''vīhatam'' (farm) → ''vīhātiai'' (farmer; farm's) | * ''vīhatam'' (farm) → ''vīhātiai'' (farmer; farm's) | ||
* ''svāṣṭa'' (armor) → ''svāṣṭyai'' (armored knight) | * ''svāṣṭa'' (armor) → ''svāṣṭyai'' (armored knight) | ||
* ''bilumbida'' (sodium) + '' | * ''bilumbida'' (sodium) + ''talyelīm'' (chlorine) → ''bilumbītalyelīyai'' (sodium chloride) | ||
'''-ceh''', '''-cænah''', and '''-cañīh''' (all often with palatalization of the last consonant) are three different (but with roughly the same meaning) diminutive-forming suffixes; some of them have developed distinct meanings. They can also be compounded, as in '''-cæñ-cañīh''': | '''-ceh''', '''-cænah''', and '''-cañīh''' (all often with palatalization of the last consonant) are three different (but with roughly the same meaning) diminutive-forming suffixes; some of them have developed distinct meanings. They can also be compounded, as in '''-cæñ-cañīh''': | ||