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Nordulaki: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Nordulaki | |name = Nordulaki | ||
|nativename = nordûlaki<br/>nordûlaki | |nativename = nordûlaki<br/>þêuk nordûlaki | ||
|pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[norˈdu(ː)laki | |pronunciation = [norˈdu(ː)laki]<br/>[ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki] | ||
|region = Central Evandor | |region = Central Evandor | ||
|ethnicity = Nordûlaki | |ethnicity = Nordûlaki | ||
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|nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Sprêny, Peħlleit, Ferbêny, Alêig, Koitrûx, many others | |nation = Nordulik, Raxinara, Listord, Kerbellion, Sprêny, Peħlleit, Ferbêny, Alêig, Koitrûx, many others | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nordulaki''', natively '''nordûlaki | '''Nordulaki''', natively '''(has) þêuk nordûlaki''' [(has) ˈθeʊ̯k norˈdu(ː)laki], is an [[Evandorian languages|Evandorian language]] of the planet [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] spoken most notably in the central-northern Evandorian country of Nordulik (nat. ''Nordûlik''; Old Nordulaki: ''Nordoğlik'') but also in many former colonies - for a total of 35 countries - around the planet. | ||
Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]]. | Today, Nordulaki is the second most important and most spoken language in the Western world, after its western neighbor [[Cerian]], and Nordulaki itself was the main diplomatic and scientific language of the world until half a century ago. It is the fourth most spoken language on the planet, after Cerian, [[Chlouvānem]], and [[Spocian]]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Fricatives | ! Fricatives | ||
| || '''f''' f || '''s''' s<br/>''' | | || '''f''' f || '''s''' s<br/>'''þ''' θ<br/>'''x''' ʃ || || || '''h''' h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Laterals | ! Laterals | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The contrast between high-mid and low-mid vowels only exists in stressed syllables; a circumflex accent denotes the closer vowel, while the more open vowel is only marked with an acute in grammatical paradigms or if the accent is irregular (not on the penultimate).<br/>The length contrast for the /i u a/ qualities (from Old Nordûlaki /eɣ oɣ aɣ/ respectively - /eɣ/ also from /øɣ/) is mostly gerontolectal and also only existing in stressed syllables, but still distinguished orthographically, both in minimal pairs (''mir'' "shoe" (< ONor ''müre''), ''mîr'' "palace" (< ONor ''möğru'')) and in other words (notably ''Nordûlik'' (< ONor ''Nordoğlik'') and ''nordûlaki'' (< '' | The contrast between high-mid and low-mid vowels only exists in stressed syllables; a circumflex accent denotes the closer vowel, while the more open vowel is only marked with an acute in grammatical paradigms or if the accent is irregular (not on the penultimate).<br/>The length contrast for the /i u a/ qualities (from Old Nordûlaki /eɣ oɣ aɣ/ respectively - /eɣ/ also from /øɣ/) is mostly gerontolectal and also only existing in stressed syllables, but still distinguished orthographically, both in minimal pairs (''mir'' "shoe" (< ONor ''müre''), ''mîr'' "palace" (< ONor ''möğru'')) and in other words (notably ''Nordûlik'' (< ONor ''Nordoğlik'') and ''nordûlaki'' (< ''nordoğlaki'')). | ||
Note that, orthographically, what appears to be an i-diphthong followed by '''t''' or '''g''' and either a consonant or nothing is not a diphthong but a sequence of a vowel plus an affricate, compare e.g. ''raitu'' /raɪ̯tu/ "flower" and ''prait'' /pratʃ/ (future particle). | Note that, orthographically, what appears to be an i-diphthong followed by '''t''' or '''g''' and either a consonant or nothing is not a diphthong but a sequence of a vowel plus an affricate, compare e.g. ''raitu'' /raɪ̯tu/ "flower" and ''prait'' /pratʃ/ (future particle). | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ]. | <!--Nordulaki nouns are inflected for three cases - nominative (least marked), accusative, and genitive - and two numbers - singular and plural. As common among many Evandorian languages, many common nouns have two stems, with consonants that are not present in the least marked form that appear in the others. ''n-stems'' are particularly important to note as they're most commonly feminine nouns, but the gender-marking ''-n'' is often hidden in the nominative (dictionary) form. The Proto-Evandorian vowel harmony system survives in the accusative singular of a few nouns, as some have ''-uħ'' [-uç], while others have ''-eit'' [-etʃ]. | ||
Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included. | Nouns in dictionaries are usually given with two principal parts, the nominative and accusative, as in ''reut, reutuħ'' (hawk) or ''sexki, séxkineit'' (city). Sometimes, however, only the nominative is included. | ||
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! Future | ! Future | ||
| êx prait | | êx prait | ||
|} | |}--> | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||