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: /s/ > /ʃ/, but /s/ from /ts/ was '''not''' affected (suggesting that deaffrication likely happened later), cf. ''fuist'' "you were" (Maur. /fuʃt/, Num. /fui̯st/), ''Asea'' "Asia" (Maur. /ˈaʃa/, Num. /ˈasja/). | : /s/ > /ʃ/, but /s/ from /ts/ was '''not''' affected (suggesting that deaffrication likely happened later), cf. ''fuist'' "you were" (Maur. /fuʃt/, Num. /fui̯st/), ''Asea'' "Asia" (Maur. /ˈaʃa/, Num. /ˈasja/). | ||
: /l/ > /ʎ/, cf. ''sail'' "flood" (Maur. /saʎ/, Num. /sai̯l/), ''Iulea'', proper name (Maur. /ˈjuʎa/, Num. /ˈjulja/). | : /l/ > /ʎ/, cf. ''sail'' "flood" (Maur. /saʎ/, Num. /sai̯l/), ''Iulea'', proper name (Maur. /ˈjuʎa/, Num. /ˈjulja/). | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Atlantic's consonant inventory is similar to those of other major Romance languages such as Italian, Catalan, or Portuguese. Mauritanian and Numidian dialects have slightly different inventories, mostly because of Mauritanian palatalization. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-palatal !! Palatal !! Velar | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Nasals | |||
| '''m''' m || || '''n''' n || || '''ni~in''' ɲ || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' p || || '''t''' t || || || '''k''' k | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' b || || '''d''' d || || || '''g''' g | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Affricates !! <small>Voiceless</small> | |||
| || || '''ç~ci~ce''' ts<sup>1</sup> || '''ti~it''' tʃ<sup>2</sup> || || | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Voiced</small> | |||
| || || '''gi~ge~ig''' dz<sup>3</sup> || '''di~id''' dʒ<sup>2</sup> || || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | |||
| || '''f''' f || '''s(~ç)''' s || '''si~is''' ʃ || || | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Voiced</small> | |||
| || || '''s''' z || '''ri~ir''' ʒ<sup>2</sup> || || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Laterals | |||
| || || '''l''' l || || '''li~il''' ʎ<sup>2</sup> || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Trill | |||
| || || '''r''' r || || || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Approximants | |||
| '''u''' w || || || || '''i''' j || | |||
|} | |||
Table notes: | |||
# Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /s/ in most others. | |||
# Mauritanian dialects only. | |||
# Only in some mountain Numidian dialects; merged with /z/ in most others. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
Atlantic has a common five-vowel system, with [ɛ ɔ] being stressed allophones of /e o/ respectively. Vowel+approximant sequences are analyzed as vowel+consonant, mostly because of their development in Mauritanian dialects. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| '''i''' i || || '''u''' u | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| '''e''' e || || '''o''' o | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| || '''a''' ä || | |||
|} | |||
Note that /ä/ is usually transcribed as /a/. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||