4,735
edits
User:Chrysophylax/Substrate language: Difference between revisions
User:Chrysophylax/Substrate language (view source)
Revision as of 19:06, 3 November 2013
, 3 November 2013no edit summary
Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) (Created page with "==Phonology== ===Consonants=== {| class="greentable" |- ! ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Alveolar sibilant ! Velar ! Glottal |- align=center ! Nasal | {{IPA|m̥ m}} | {{IPA|n̥...") |
Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="greentable" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- align=center | |||
! High | |||
| i | |||
| | |||
| u | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Mid-low | |||
| ɛ ɛː | |||
| | |||
| ɔ ɔː | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Low | |||
| | |||
| a aː | |||
| ɑ ɑː | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Syllable structure=== | |||
(C<sup>1</sup>)V(C<sup>2</sup>) | |||
C<sup>1</sup>: a consonant | |||
V: a vowel | |||
C<sup>2</sup>: a consonant | |||
===Allophony=== | |||
Front vowels become central before [w] | |||
Stops assimilate in aspiration to a following consonant and become unaspirated word-finally. Before an aspirated consonant, voiced stops become voiceless. | |||
Low vowels become rounded after [w] and central vowels are raised. | |||
Consonants palatalise after a non-low front vowel; velar consonants besides [w] become coronal palatalised; velar stops affricatise (/k/ > [t͡ɕ] \ [i e u]_). | |||
Lots of other stuff. | |||
==Morphology== | |||
* Case-inflected. | |||
* Animate vs. inanimate | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
{| | |||
! Pronouns | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! colspan="2"| First | |||
! colspan="2"| Second | |||
! colspan="2"| Third | |||
|- align=center | |||
! | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Nominative | |||
| mia | |||
| miah(e) | |||
| su | |||
| suh(i) | |||
| ke, o | |||
| keh(e), ohe | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Dative | |||
| ate | |||
| ateh | |||
| uti | |||
| utih | |||
| ete, hote | |||
| eteh, oteh | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Accusative | |||
| miu | |||
| muhi | |||
| suw | |||
| suhi | |||
| ku, o | |||
| kuhi, ohe | |||
|- align=center | |||
! Genitive-instrumental | |||
| axa | |||
| axah(e) | |||
| uxa | |||
| uxah(e) | |||
| exa, hoxa | |||
| exah(e), hoxah(e) | |||
|} | |||
* No specific way of determining if a word is animate or inanimate | |||
:* addendum: certain suffixes are always one or the other, e.g. -dih 'a collection of X' is always inanimate, e.g. ''sokhdih'' 'a collection of stones, a pile of stones' < ''sokh'' 'stone', whilst others are always animate, e.g. ''-tus'' 'who does X', ''nōthētus'' 'sailor' < ''nōthē'' 'ocean'. | |||