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Unlike the middle voice, the passive is not used for verbal complements, and it cannot take the agent of a verb as its subject. It is never used in verbal complements. | Unlike the middle voice, the passive is not used for verbal complements, and it cannot take the agent of a verb as its subject. It is never used in verbal complements. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| teterur seun tīn iūs | |||
|drink-MID.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well | |drink-MID.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well | ||
|'This tea tastes good' (lit. 'it drinks well')}} | |'This tea tastes good' (lit. 'it drinks well')}} | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| tetēlārur seun tīn iūs | |||
|drink- | |drink-PAS.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well | ||
|'This tea is drunk often'}} | |'This tea is drunk often'}} | ||
While the agent may be dropped in a passive clause, it may also be included, using the [[w:Ablative case|ablative case]]. | While the agent may be dropped in a passive clause, it may also be included, using the [[w:Ablative case|ablative case]]. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| praestrōcuēlāre ūlun Cavā Īliānā hānun | |||
|rebuild- | |rebuild-PFV.PAS.3SG.E yonder-E.NOM.SG Cava-ABL.SG Ilianus-C.ABL.SG temple-NOM.SG | ||
|'This temple was rebuilt by Cava Iliana'}} | |'This temple was rebuilt by Cava Iliana'}} | ||
The passive can also be especially with intransitive verbs to form denote an '''unspecified/generic subject'''. This structure may is used to make general statements or observations. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | The passive can also be especially with intransitive verbs to form denote an '''unspecified/generic subject'''. This structure may is used to make general statements or observations. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| miquītur | |||
|die-MID.3PL.T | |die-MID.3PL.T | ||
|'They are dead/dying.'}} | |'They are dead/dying.'}} | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| miquiēlātur | |||
|die- | |die-PAS.3PL.T | ||
|'There are people dead/dying'}} | |'There are people dead/dying'}} | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| mūherra (sea) artina inceris alta | |||
|not.enough-MID.3SG.C (this-C.NOM.SG) wumbo-DAT.PL capital-GEN.SG water-NOM.SG | |not.enough-MID.3SG.C (this-C.NOM.SG) wumbo-DAT.PL capital-GEN.SG water-NOM.SG | ||
|'This is not enough water for the people of the capital'}} | |'This is not enough water for the people of the capital'}} | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| mūhēlārra artina inceris alta | |||
|not.enough- | |not.enough-PAS.3SG.C wumbo-DAT.PL capital-GEN.SG water-NOM.SG | ||
|'There is not enough water for the people of the capital'}} | |'There is not enough water for the people of the capital'}} | ||
Similarly, the passive can be used to form the ''aversive passive'', denoting an undesirable even or outcome. | Similarly, the passive can be used to form the ''aversive passive'', denoting an undesirable even or outcome. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| cōmerī requentus furuēlō soperī | |||
|home-DAT return-IPFV.PTCP-T.NOM.SG fall- | |home-DAT return-IPFV.PTCP-T.NOM.SG fall-PFV.PAS.1SG snow-ABL.SG | ||
|'Walking home I got snowed on'}} | |'Walking home I got snowed on'}} | ||
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