4,932
edits
Aeranir: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Middle
(→Middle) |
|||
| Line 1,408: | Line 1,408: | ||
[[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | [[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | ||
{{interlinear | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| auhērur seus ars | |||
| see-MID.3SG.T this-T.NOM.SG wumbo-NOM.SG | | see-MID.3SG.T this-T.NOM.SG wumbo-NOM.SG | ||
|'That wumbo sees' | |'That wumbo sees' | ||
|c1 = (''more animate'')}} | |c1 = (''more animate'')}} | ||
{{interlinear | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| auhērra sea salva | |||
|see-MID.3SG.C this-C.NOM.SG book-NOM.SG | |see-MID.3SG.C this-C.NOM.SG book-NOM.SG | ||
|'That book is seen' | |'That book is seen' | ||
| Line 1,422: | Line 1,422: | ||
Sometimes, it may have a '''reflexive''' meaning, or the sense of doing something for ones own benefit. | Sometimes, it may have a '''reflexive''' meaning, or the sense of doing something for ones own benefit. | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | vascit vominīs | ||
|wash-ACT.1SG river-LOC.SG | |wash-ACT.1SG river-LOC.SG | ||
|'They wash me in a river' | |'They wash me in a river' | ||
|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | vascor vominīs | ||
|wash-MID.1SG river-LOC.SG | |wash-MID.1SG river-LOC.SG | ||
|'I washed (myself) in a river' | |'I washed (myself) in a river' | ||
|c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | |c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | hassitēs Oscus aprun | ||
|sacrifice-ACT.3SG.T Oscus-NOM.SG fish-ACC.SG | |sacrifice-ACT.3SG.T Oscus-NOM.SG fish-ACC.SG | ||
|'Oscus sacrificed a fish' | |'Oscus sacrificed a fish' | ||
|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | hassitērur Oscus aprōrun | ||
|sacrifice-MID.3SG.T Oscus-NOM.SG fish-INSTR.SG | |sacrifice-MID.3SG.T Oscus-NOM.SG fish-INSTR.SG | ||
|'Oscus sacrificed a fish (for their benefit)' | |'Oscus sacrificed a fish (for their benefit)' | ||
| Line 1,448: | Line 1,448: | ||
Another important use of the middle voice is the '''experiential middle voice'''. When used with sensory verbs the middle voice may be used to differentiate experiential, nonvolitional sensation (''see, hear, smell, feel, know, etc.''), as opposed to active, volitional sensation (''look, listen, sniff, touch, understand, etc.'') Often times, the object of the sensory verb will be expressed using an oblique case, usually the ablative. | Another important use of the middle voice is the '''experiential middle voice'''. When used with sensory verbs the middle voice may be used to differentiate experiential, nonvolitional sensation (''see, hear, smell, feel, know, etc.''), as opposed to active, volitional sensation (''look, listen, sniff, touch, understand, etc.'') Often times, the object of the sensory verb will be expressed using an oblique case, usually the ablative. | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | ītēs te ponun carīnī hellē | ||
|hear/listen-ACT.3SG.T<nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG.NOM voice-ACC.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | |hear/listen-ACT.3SG.T <nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG.NOM voice-ACC.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | ||
|'I like to listen to (my) friend's voice' | |'I like to listen to (my) friend's voice' | ||
|c1 = (''active voice'')}} | |c1 = (''active voice'')}} | ||
{{interlinear | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| īteor ponā carīnī hellē | |||
|hear/listen-MID.1SG voice-ABL.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | |hear/listen-MID.1SG voice-ABL.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | ||
|'I like to hear (my) friend's voice' | |'I like to hear (my) friend's voice' | ||
| Line 1,462: | Line 1,462: | ||
The middle voice may also be used with a variety of verbal compliments—usually adverbs—which describe the quality of the subject, or the result of the action. Often times such constructions may be expressed in English as ''adjective to verb'', e.g. 'easy to love'. | The middle voice may also be used with a variety of verbal compliments—usually adverbs—which describe the quality of the subject, or the result of the action. Often times such constructions may be expressed in English as ''adjective to verb'', e.g. 'easy to love'. | ||
{{interlinear | | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| qurrerra salva hēs collēcta aplīdiāna iūs | |||
| read-MID.3SG.C book-NOM.SG matters-NOM.SG gather-PFV.PTCP-C.NOM.SG of_Avrid-C.NOM.SG well | | read-MID.3SG.C book-NOM.SG matters-NOM.SG gather-PFV.PTCP-C.NOM.SG of_Avrid-C.NOM.SG well | ||
|'The book "Collected Matters of Avrid" is a good read' (lit. '~reads well')}} | |'The book "Collected Matters of Avrid" is a good read' (lit. '~reads well')}} | ||
{{interlinear | :{{interlinear | box=yes | ||
| | | tetuere tīn īvīs lȳrīs saltīs ne fictun satun iūs | ||
| drink-PFV.MID.3SG.E tea-NOM.SG 1PL.PRO-DAT | | drink-PFV.MID.3SG.E tea-NOM.SG 1PL.PRO-DAT time-LOC.SG pass-PFV.PTCP-T.LOC.SG 2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki> make-PFV.PTCP-E.NOM.SG pour-PFV.PTCP-E.NOM.SG well | ||
|'The tea you made us last time was delicious' (lit. '~drank well')}} | |'The tea you made us last time was delicious' (lit. '~drank well')}} | ||