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Ox-Yew: Difference between revisions

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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
====Syllable Structure====
====Syllable Structure====
CLVC
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width=100|  
!width=100| Onsets
!width=100| Medial<br />Clusters
!width=100| Codae
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any single phoneme.''
|-
|| /p/ || '''p''' || '''p''' || '''p''' [ɸ]
|-
|| /t/ || '''t''' || '''t''' || '''t''' [θ]
|-
|| /k/ || '''k''' || '''k''' || '''k''' [χ]
|-
|| /b/ || '''b''' || '''b''' || '''b''' [β]
|-
|| /d/ || '''d''' || '''d''' || '''d''' [ð]
|-
|| /ɡ/ || '''g''' || '''g''' || '''g''' [ɣ]
|-
|| /t͡s/ || '''c''' || '''c''' || '''c''' [t͡sʼ]
|-
|| /t͡ʃ/ || '''q''' || '''q''' || '''q''' [t͡ʃʼ]
|-
|| /d͡ʒ/ || '''j''' || '''j''' || '''j''' [d͡ʒˑ]
|-
|| /d͡v/ || '''w''' || '''w''' || '''w''' [d͡vˑ]
|-
|| /t͡ɬ/ || '''y''' || '''y''' || '''y''' [t͡ɬʼ]
|-
|| /t͡ʀ/ || '''x''' || '''x''' || '''x''' [t͡χʼ]
|-
|| /m/ || '''m''' || '''m''' || '''m'''
|-
|| /n/ || '''n''' || '''n''' || '''n'''
|-
|| /ŋ/ || '''v''' || '''v''' || '''v'''
|-
|| /l/ || '''l''' || '''l''' || '''l'''
|-
|| /r/ || '''r''' || '''r''' || '''r'''
|-
|| /ɮ/ || '''z''' || '''z''' || '''z'''
|-
|| /s/ || '''s''' || '''s''' || '''s'''
|-
|| /ʃ/ || '''f''' || '''f''' || '''f'''
|-
|| /x/ || '''h''' || '''h''' || '''h'''
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any single stop or nasal followed by a liquid.''
|-
|| /pr/ || '''pr''' || '''pr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /tr/ || '''tr''' || '''tr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /kr/ || '''kr''' || '''kr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /br/ || '''br''' || '''br''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /dr/ || '''dr''' || '''dr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ɡr/ || '''gr''' || '''gr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /pr/ || '''pl''' || '''pl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /tr/ || '''tl''' || '''tl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /kr/ || '''kl''' || '''kl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /br/ || '''bl''' || '''bl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /dr/ || '''dl''' || '''dl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ɡr/ || '''gl''' || '''gl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /pr/ || '''pz''' || '''pz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /tr/ || '''tz''' || '''tz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /kr/ || '''kz''' || '''kz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /br/ || '''bz''' || '''bz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /dr/ || '''dz''' || '''dz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ɡr/ || '''gz''' || '''gz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ml/ || '''ml''' || '''ml''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nl/ || '''nl''' || '''nl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ŋl/ || '''vl''' || '''vl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /mr/ || '''mr''' || '''mr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nr/ || '''nr''' || '''nr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ŋr/ || '''vr''' || '''vr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /mɮ/ || '''mz''' || '''mz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nɮ/ || '''nz''' || '''nz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /ŋɮ/ || '''vz''' || '''vz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any geminate consonant.''
|-
|| /pː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''pp''' || '''pp''' [p]
|-
|| /tː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''tt''' || '''tt''' [t]
|-
|| /kː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''kk''' || '''kk''' [k]
|-
|| /bː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''bb''' || '''bb''' [b]
|-
|| /dː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''dd''' || '''dd''' [d]
|-
|| /ɡː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ɡɡ''' || '''ɡɡ''' [ɡ]
|-
|| /t͡sː/ ||colspan=3 rowspan=6 style="background: #CCCCCC;"| ''(There are no geminate affricates.)''
|-
|| /t͡ʃː/
|-
|| /d͡ʒː/
|-
|| /d͡vː/
|-
|| /t͡ɬː/
|-
|| /t͡ʀː/
|-
|| /mː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mm''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /nː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nn''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ŋː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vv''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /lː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ll''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /rː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''rr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ɮː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''zz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /sː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ss''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ʃː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ff''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /xː/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''hh''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any nasal followed by any stop.''
|-
|| /mp/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mp''' || '''mp'''
|-
|| /nt/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nt''' || '''nt'''
|-
|| /ŋk/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vk''' || '''vk'''
|-
|| /mb/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mb''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /nd/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nd''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ŋɡ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vg''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any nasal followed by a voiced stop and a liquid.''
|-
|| /mbr/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mbr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ndr/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ndr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ŋɡr/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vgr''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /mbl/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mbl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ndl/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ndl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ŋɡl/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vgl''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /mbɮ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''mbz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ndɮ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ndz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|| /ŋɡɮ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''vgz''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"|
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''/n/ followed by any affricate.''
|-
|| /nt͡s/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nc''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nt͡ʃ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nq''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nd͡ʒ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nj''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nd͡v/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nw''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nt͡ɬ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''ny''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|| /nt͡ʀ/ ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp; || '''nx''' ||style="background: #CCCCCC;"| &nbsp;
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"| ''Any unvoiced fricative followed by any unvoiced stop.''
|-
|| /sp/ || '''sp''' || '''sp''' || '''sp'''
|-                               
|| /st/ || '''st''' || '''st''' || '''st'''
|-                               
|| /sk/ || '''sk''' || '''sk''' || '''sk'''
|-                               
|| /ʃp/ || '''fp''' || '''fp''' || '''fp'''
|-                               
|| /ʃt/ || '''ft''' || '''ft''' || '''ft'''
|-                               
|| /ʃk/ || '''fk''' || '''fk''' || '''fk'''
|-                               
|| /xp/ || '''hp''' || '''hp''' || '''hp'''
|-                               
|| /xt/ || '''ht''' || '''ht''' || '''ht'''
|-                               
|| /xk/ || '''hk''' || '''hk''' || '''hk'''
|}
 
*All syllables must have a nucleus, but onsets and codas are not required. Syllables in the same word must have either a coda or an onset dividing them (i.e. two syllable nuclei must be separated by at least one consonant.)
*All syllables must have a nucleus, but onsets and codas are not required. Syllables in the same word must have either a coda or an onset dividing them (i.e. two syllable nuclei must be separated by at least one consonant.)
*Word-initial onsets may consist of a single consonant, or an oral or nasal stop consonant followed by a liquid.
**⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, c, q, j, w, y, x, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩
**⟨pr, tr, kr, br, dr, gr, pl, tl, kl, bl, dl, gl, pz, tz, kz, bz, dz, gz⟩
**⟨mr, nr, vr, ml, nl, vl, mz, nz, vz⟩
*In words with no consonantal onset beginning with a short diphthong, the diphthong switches from falling to rising; that is, the initial element of the diphthong is realized as a glide. (This does not apply to ⟨ai⟩ and ⟨au⟩.)
*In words with no consonantal onset beginning with a short diphthong, the diphthong switches from falling to rising; that is, the initial element of the diphthong is realized as a glide. (This does not apply to ⟨ai⟩ and ⟨au⟩.)
**⟨iu, ia, ui, ua⟩ → [ju, ja, wi, wa] / #_
**⟨iu, ia, ui, ua⟩ → [ju, ja, wi, wa] / #_
Line 218: Line 434:
**⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [jiu, jia, wui, wua]
**⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [jiu, jia, wui, wua]
**In some dialects this may even cause the “length” to shift to the second element: ⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [juː, jaː, wiː, waː]
**In some dialects this may even cause the “length” to shift to the second element: ⟨iiu, iia, uui, uua⟩ → [juː, jaː, wiː, waː]
*Intersyllabic consonant clusters  may be:
**C (any single consonant)
***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, q, j, c, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩
**C[-cnt]C[+liq] (any stop + liquid)
***⟨pr, pl, pz, tr, tl, tz, kr, kl, kz, br, bl, bz, dr, dl, dz, gr, gl, gz⟩
**C[-cnt]ː (any geminate stop)
***⟨pp, tt, kk, bb, dd, gg⟩
**C[+nas]ː (any geminate nasal)
***⟨mm, nn, vv⟩
**C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox] (any nasal + unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation; also ⟨vg⟩)
***⟨mp, nt, vk, vg⟩
**C[+nas]C[+liq] (any nasal + liquid)
***⟨mr, ml, mz, nr, nl, nz, vr, vl, vz⟩
**C[+nas]C[-cnt-vox]C[+liq] (any nasal + voiced or unvoiced stop of the same place of articulation + liquid)
***⟨mbr, mbl, mbz, ndr, ndl, ndz, vgr, vgl, vgz⟩
**nC[+liq] (⟨n⟩ + any affricate)
***⟨nq, nj, nc⟩
**C[+obs+cnt]C[-cnt-vox] (any fricative + any unvoiced stop)
***⟨sp, st, sk, fp, ft, fk, hp, ht, hk⟩
*Word-final codas may consist only of a single consonant or a geminate stop.
**⟨p, t, k, b, d, g, c, q, j, w, y, x, m, n, v, l, z, r, s, f, h⟩
**Single stop consonants become spirantised in coda position.
**Single stop consonants become spirantised in coda position.
***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g⟩ → [ɸ, θ, x, β, ð, ɣ] / _#
***⟨p, t, k, b, d, g⟩ → [ɸ, θ, x, β, ð, ɣ] / _#
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