Schlaub: Difference between revisions

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|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|creator = User:Praimhín
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Wug Schlaub
|nativename = Wug Schlaub
|pronunciation= /wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Schngaoife]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region =  
|region =  
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|fam1=[[Gloobic languages|Gloobic]]
|script=Hlou abugida
|scripts=Schlaub abugida
|iso3=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh'' or homophonous with "hello"; natively: ''Wug Schlaub'' /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing'; Palkhan: Haḷō; Eevo: "a łynø´ñ Tycríar") is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wug Schlaub'' 'Schlaub speech' or 'Schlaub thing') is a language inspired by Hmong RPA and German. It is the main language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub.


Hlou liberally uses Easter eggs.
Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.


==Background==
==Background==
Line 25: Line 25:
need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)
need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)


''Nla Kah Pa Mug'', ''Schus Wäb'', ''Du Wah Miß'' - places in Hlouland?
Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb
 
==Diachronics==
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɨ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
 
Glottal stop finals (''-h'' in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
 
''*ã'' > ''äu''; ''*ãʔ'' > ''oh''
 
''*ẽ'' > ''ä''; ''*ẽj'' > ''ei''; ''*ẽʔ'' > ''äh''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
====Vowels====
====Vowels====
Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
Similar to German
 
a e i ie o u ä ö = /a e i ɨ o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
 
ah eh ih oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
 
ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/
 
Some vowels' realizations should depend on tone


====Consonants====
====Consonants====
Standard Hlou has about 65 initials.
Standard Schlaub has about 65 initials.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Hlou initials'''
|+ '''Schlaub initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Labial
Line 75: Line 58:
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schm''' m̥
|  
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|  
|  
| '''schn''' n̥
| '''schn''' n̥
|  
|  
|  
| '''schnr''' ɳ{{v-}}
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|}
|}
====Tone====
{{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
{|class="wikitable"
! Orthography
! Tone
! Example
|-
| ∅
| mid level / high checked (33~32)
| ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
|-
| '''-n'''
| low level / low checked (21~11)
| ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
|-
| '''-b'''
| high level / high falling (55~53)
| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˧/ 'leaf'
|-
| '''-d'''
| dipping / low falling (313~31)
| ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
|-
| '''-g'''
| breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
| ''laug'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
|-
| '''-s'''
| rising (24)
| ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
|-
| '''-ß'''
| broken rising (3ˀ5)
| ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
|}
Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d
Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops
===''Schlaub Glaß''===
The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.
====Vowels====
a e i o u ä ë ö = /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ɔ̃/
ah eh ih oh uh äh ëh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]
ei ëi au äu = /əi ə̃i əu əũ/
====Consonants====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Schlaub Glaß initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|
| '''schn''' n̥
|
|
|
| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
|
|
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' cˡ
|
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' cˡʰ
|
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''k''' kʰ
| '''kl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mb''' ᵐb
| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
| '''ndl''' ᶮɟˡ
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ᶮcˡʰ
|
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''bv''' pv
|
| '''dz''' ts̪
| '''ds''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''pf''' pf
|
| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mbv''' ᵐbv
|
| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''mpf''' ᵐpf
|
| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
|
| '''z''' s̪
| '''s''' s̺
| '''schl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''schj''' ç
| '''schr''' ʂ
| '''sch''' ɧ<br/>'''ch''' x
|
| '''schw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l, '''ł''' ɫ
|
| '''j''' j
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
====Tone====
Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the ''d'' and ''g'' tones are merged into ''g''.
===Schlaub Lag===
Another dialect of Hlou?


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Traditional logography===
===Traditional logography===
===Abugida===
===Abugida===
===Schngaoife's alphabet===
The key feature of Schngaoife's orthography (used in this article) is using final consonant letters for tones, making words easier to learn by using photographic memory.
===''Hrảm Hlóu'' (''Schräd Schlaub'')===
This transliteration was created by Praimhín as an alternative to the German-inspired orthography.
====Initials====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! colspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''hm''' m̥
|
|
| '''hn''' n̥
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
| '''nl''' nˡ
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' tˡ
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''drl''' ʈˡ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
| |ʔ
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' tˡʰ
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''trl''' ʈˡʰ
| '''c''' kʰ
| '''cl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''nb''' ᵐb
| '''nbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
|
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''np''' ᵐpʰ
| '''npl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ⁿtˡʰ
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
|
| '''nc''' ᵑkʰ
| '''ncl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
|
|
| '''ds''' ts̪
| '''dσ''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''φ''' pɸ
|
| '''ts''' ts̪ʰ
| '''tσ''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
|
|
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̪
| '''ndσ''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''nφ''' ᵐpɸ
|
| '''nts''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''ntσ''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
| '''fl''' fˡ
| '''s''' s̪
| '''σ''' s̺
| '''hl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''hr''' ʂ
|
| '''sg''' ɧ
|
| '''hw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l
| '''j''' ʒ
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
====Vowels====
a e i o u ei ou /a e i o u əi əu/
am om oum /ã~ɛ̃ õ ə̃u/
ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/
====Tones====
{|class="wikitable"
! Orthography
! Tone
! Example
|-
| '''a'''
| mid level / mid checked (33~32)
| ''lou'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
|-
| '''à'''
| low level / low checked (21~11)
| ''lòu'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
|-
| '''á'''
| high level / high falling (53~55)
| ''lóu'' /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)'
|-
| '''ả'''
| dipping / low falling (313~31)
| ''lỏu'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
|-
| '''ah'''
| breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
| ''louh'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
|-
| '''ä'''
| rising (24)
| ''löu'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
|-
| '''ã'''
| broken rising (3ˀ5)
| ''lõu'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
|}
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
Schlaub is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
:'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
:'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
:/tɨ˧ wu&#804;˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
:INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
:INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
:''A wug is drinking water.''
:''A wug is drinking water.''


:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.'''''
:'''''Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.'''''
:/ʃa˨˩ flo̤˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥˩/
:1SG have home in Tumhan
:1SG have home in Tumhan
:''I live in Tumhan.''
:''I live in Tumhan.''


:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.'''''
:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.'''''
:/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we&#804;˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
:''We speak about love and hate.''
:''We speak about love and hate.''
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|}
|}


Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'
Schlaub has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'


====Demonstrative====
====Demonstrative====
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! !! What !! This !! That !! Any
! !! What !! This !! That !! Any
|-
|-
! Pronominal
! Pronominal/Adnominal
|| nab || naus || nein, nin || nan
|| nab || naus || nein, nin || nan
|-
|-
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Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.
Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.


Hlou is wh-in-situ:  
Schlaub is wh-in-situ:  


*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?  
*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?  
Line 837: Line 329:
*da = exclamatory
*da = exclamatory
*eh = negative
*eh = negative
*doh = prohibitive
*je = prohibitive
*los = inchoative
*los = inchoative
*man = emphatic
*man = emphatic
Line 850: Line 342:
*tun = complement clause
*tun = complement clause
*daß = if
*daß = if
*ab = then, so, therefore
*schluß = then, so, therefore
*schluß = so that, in order to
*nahn schluß = so that, in order to
*dsäus = because (lit. reason)
*dsäus = because (lit. reason)


Line 875: Line 367:


===Classifiers===
===Classifiers===
{{PAGENAME}} does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
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==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Hlou vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Hlou-Shum languages, however.
Schlaub vocabulary is mostly native. Many words can't be related to words in other Gloobic languages, however.


===Four-character phrases===
===Four-character phrases===
Hlou, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
Schlaub, like Chinese, has "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
*''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
*''Ndleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
Line 925: Line 416:


===Virelai===
===Virelai===
The virelai (Hlou: ???) is a traditional Hlou poetic form.
The virelai (Schlaub: ???) is a traditional Schlaub poetic form.


Example [the poem is gibberish]:
Example [the poem is gibberish]:


<poem>
<poem>
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsub,''
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlin.''
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmin,''
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''


''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,''
''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,''
''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlaß,''
''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,''
''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schraß zied Glub.''
''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.''


''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,''
''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,''
''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nrein,''
''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,''
''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlein raus Schmub.''
''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.''


''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlag,''
''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,''
''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Waud,''
''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,''
''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaud,''
''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,''
''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haud nun Tsub.''
''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.''


''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsub,''
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlin.''
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmin,''
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xin taub tlub.''
</poem>
</poem>


===Burns stanza===
===Burns stanza===
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter.
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Schlaub meter.


<poem>
<poem>
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===Holorime===
===Holorime===
Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones


==Sample text==
==Sample text==
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# ''An nun nein ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog in dzeb ein Xab hin. Je drein ein Schwed hab mpeib zug dseih dseih bis dzeb ein Xab hin.''
# ''An nun nein ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab schmeiß ndäu ein Ntzog in dzeb ein Xab hin. Je drein ein Schwed hab mpeib zug dseih dseih bis dzeb ein Xab hin.''
=== Gloss ===
=== Gloss ===
:''Bis Ndreib nin dzeb ein Xab flog die Ntzog an die zu Wes meib hin.''
:''Bis Ndreib nin dzeb ein Huß flog die Ntzog an die zu Wes meib hin.''
:LOC time that whole DEF world have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
:LOC time that whole DEF world have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
:Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
:Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
Line 1,009: Line 501:
:And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.
:And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.


:''Rein dahn xau Ntrob nun dahn bei. Schaub dzas es hab mpeib dahn [dseih dseih] bis dzeb ein Xab bei."''
:''Rein dahn xau Ntrob nun dahn bei. Schaub dzas es hab mpeib dahn [dseih dseih] bis dzeb ein Huß bei."''
:that_way 1SG grow name for 1SG bei. or fall IMPERS cause scatter 1PL all_over whole LOC DEF world FUT.
:that_way 1SG grow name for 1SG bei. or fall IMPERS cause scatter 1PL all_over whole LOC DEF world FUT.
:That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."
:That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."
Line 1,036: Line 528:
:from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST
:from there DEF god cause scatter 3PL all_over LOC whole DEF world PST
:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
:From there the {{sc|Lord}} scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
[[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]]
[[Category:Gloobic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
2,831

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