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User:Ceige/Kamunien: Difference between revisions
Combined some case tables like a pro
(Made new wikimarkup tables for the cases rather than the incorrectly formatted ones from my plaintext notes) |
(Combined some case tables like a pro) |
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(There are also emphatic versions of the final -t series, using -tsi instead, which can be used when -t is too hard to hear over a bare vowel) | ''(There are also emphatic versions of the final -t series, using -tsi instead, which can be used when -t is too hard to hear over a bare vowel. The same applies for the final -k series, using -ki insted)'' | ||
The new spacial noun cases are symmetrical in their own way. The are derived from the OBJ case in agglutination (and subsequent assimilation) with the old dative and ablative specifically (u and i). -t functions as a sort of intensifier, as seen in a comparison of -mu with -mut. -n has some sort of relation to orientation; its meaning may be lost thanks to symmetricalisation. -en is hypothesised to be a merger of reduplication with the abstractive properties of the genitive and -n- elsewhere in the language; the illative and elative thus must have arisen after the inessive and exessive. | The new spacial noun cases are symmetrical in their own way. The are derived from the OBJ case in agglutination (and subsequent assimilation) with the old dative and ablative specifically (u and i). -t functions as a sort of intensifier, as seen in a comparison of -mu with -mut. -n has some sort of relation to orientation; its meaning may be lost thanks to symmetricalisation. -en is hypothesised to be a merger of reduplication with the abstractive properties of the genitive and -n- elsewhere in the language; the illative and elative thus must have arisen after the inessive and exessive. | ||
==== Additional Cases ==== | ==== Additional Cases ==== | ||
These cases do not follow symmetry or fit in a traditional paradigm. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural !! Usage | |||
|- | |||
| Locative-Genitive || -mien || -ngien || -nien || of a place, hailing from | |||
|} | |||
The additional cases are more derivational than inflectional. While they can be used inflectionally, cases like the LOG/GEN -mien are lessed used in inflection where the genitive or locative would be better, and are instead used in things like adjectives and nouns more often (-mien in particular might translate to -ian or -ese). | |||
==== Combined Cases ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural !! Semantic Range | |||
|- | |||
| Absolutive || -V || -(i)k || -(i)t || [{{sc|nom/abs}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Objective || -(e)m || -(i)k(em) || -(i)t(em) || [{{sc|acc/dat/ben}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || -(e)n || -(i)ken || -(i)ten || [{{sc|gen/nom/ben}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || -(e)p || -(i)kep || -(i)tep || [{{sc|nom/erg}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Dialectal Nominative || -(e)pa || -(i)ppa/kka || -(i)ppa || [{{sc|nom/erg}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Ablative || -(e)ta || -(i)kka || -(i)tta || [{{sc|abl/par/gen/ben}}] | |||
|- | |||
| Locative || -mi || -ngi || -ni || at | |||
|- | |||
| Ablative || -mit || -ngit || -nit || from | |||
|- | |||
| Inessive || -min || -ngin || -nin || in | |||
|- | |||
| Illative || -minen || -nginen || -ninen || into | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental || -mik || -ngik || -nik || by means of | |||
|- | |||
| Dative || -mu || -ngu || -nu || to, for, at | |||
|- | |||
| Allative || -mut || -ngut || -nut || to, towards | |||
|- | |||
| Exessive || -mun || -ngun || -nun || out, outside of | |||
|- | |||
| Elative || -munen || -ngunen || -nunen || outwards | |||
|- | |||
| Prosecutive || -muk || -nguk || -nuk || by way of | |||
|- | |||
| Locative-Genitive || -mien || -ngien || -nien || of a place, hailing from | |||
|} | |||
In total, there are approximately 15-17 cases (45-51 declension items), depending on who is describing the language. | |||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||