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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ ''máyi, máyes, máyá'' (four) | |+ ''máyi, máyes, máyá'' (four)<ref>This numeral has the special combining stem ''mehí-''.</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Masculine !! Neuter !! Feminine | ! !! Masculine !! Neuter !! Feminine | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
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{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
100 is ''' | 100 is '''syutam''' and, unlike most other cardinals, it is declined for case and number as a third declension noun (with the stem ''syut-''). It does not combine with tens and units, and the number of hundreds may either be written separately or conjoined; conjoined writing is preferred in the formal language. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 157 | ! 157 | ||
| syutam | | syutam pembéˤsyát-u-sutom | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 200 | ! 200 | ||
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|} | |} | ||
====Adverbial numerals==== | |||
Adverbial numerals are indeclinable adverbs meaning "X times". Numerals from 1 to 3 included are special forms, the others are regularly formed with the suffix ''-mát'' , an original suffixless locative (cfr. Skr. ''māti'', A-Gr. ''μῆτις''): | Adverbial numerals are indeclinable adverbs meaning "X times". Numerals from 1 to 3 included are special forms, the others are regularly formed with the suffix ''-mát'' , an original suffixless locative (cfr. Skr. ''māti'', A-Gr. ''μῆτις''): | ||
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! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian | ! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian | ||
|- | |- | ||
| once || '''somi''' || 11 times || ''somi lasyammát'' || 111 times || '' | | once || '''somi''' || 11 times || ''somi lasyammát'' || 111 times || ''syutamát somi lasyammát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| twice || '''lis''' || 22 times || ''lis lílástimát'' || 200 times || '' | | twice || '''lis''' || 22 times || ''lis lílástimát'' || 200 times || ''luyóˤsyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 times || '''ters''' || 33 times || ''ters | | 3 times || '''ters''' || 33 times || ''ters tíˤsyámmát'' || 300 times || ''tírsyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 times || ''' | | 4 times || '''mehímát''' || 44 times || ''mehímehíˤsyámmát'' || 400 times || ''mehísyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 times || '''pembimát''' || 55 times || '' | | 5 times || '''pembimát''' || 55 times || ''pembipembéˤsyámmát'' || 500 times || ''pembisyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 times || '''gésymát''' || 66 times || ''gésyigéssyámmát'' || 600 times || '' | | 6 times || '''gésymát''' || 66 times || ''gésyigéssyámmát'' || 600 times || ''géssyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 times || '''sutommát''' || 77 times || ''sutonsutonsyámmát'' || 700 times || '' | | 7 times || '''sutommát''' || 77 times || ''sutonsutonsyámmát'' || 700 times || ''sutossyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 times || '''fastúmát''' || 88 times || ''fastúfastúsyámmát'' || 800 times || '' | | 8 times || '''fastúmát''' || 88 times || ''fastúfastúsyámmát'' || 800 times || ''fastúsyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 times || '''númmát''' || 99 times || '' | | 9 times || '''númmát''' || 99 times || ''núnnúˤnesyámmát'' || 900 times || ''núnsyutámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 times || '''lasyammát''' || 100 times || ''' | | 10 times || '''lasyammát''' || 100 times || '''syutamát''' || 1000 times || ''hesyarmát'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian | ! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian !! English !! Lifashian | ||
|- | |- | ||
| one each || '''seméh'''<br/>(''seméhá, seméhom'') || 11 each || ''seméh lasymír'' || 111 each || '' | | one each || '''seméh'''<br/>(''seméhá, seméhom'') || 11 each || ''seméh lasymír'' || 111 each || ''syutír seméh lasymír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| two each || '''liséh''' || 22 each || ''liséh lílástír'' || 200 each || '' | | two each || '''liséh''' || 22 each || ''liséh lílástír'' || 200 each || ''luyóˤsyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| three each || '''teréh''' || 33 each || ''teréh | | three each || '''teréh''' || 33 each || ''teréh tíˤsyátír'' || 300 each || ''tírsyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| four each || ''' | | four each || '''mehír''' || 44 each || ''mehímehíˤsyátír'' || 400 each || ''mehísyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| five each || '''pembír''' || 55 each || '' | | five each || '''pembír''' || 55 each || ''pembipembéˤsyátír'' || 500 each || ''pembisyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| six each || '''gésyír''' || 66 each || ''gésyigéssyátír'' || 600 each || '' | | six each || '''gésyír''' || 66 each || ''gésyigéssyátír'' || 600 each || ''géssyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 each || '''sutonír''' || 77 each || ''sutonsutonsyátír'' || 700 each || '' | | 7 each || '''sutonír''' || 77 each || ''sutonsutonsyátír'' || 700 each || ''sutossyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 each || '''fastúwír''' || 88 each || ''fastúfastúsyátír'' || 800 each || '' | | 8 each || '''fastúwír''' || 88 each || ''fastúfastúsyátír'' || 800 each || ''fastúsyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 each || '''núnír''' || 99 each || '' | | 9 each || '''núnír''' || 99 each || ''núnnúˤnesyátír'' || 900 each || ''núnsyutír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 each || '''lasymír''' || 100 each || ''' | | 10 each || '''lasymír''' || 100 each || '''syutír''' || 1000 each || ''hesyarír'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Distributive numerals (in the neuter plural, except for "one") are those used in spoken multiplication, e.g. ''lis liséhá | Distributive numerals (in the neuter plural, except for "one") are those used in spoken multiplication, e.g. ''lis liséhá máyi séti'' "two times two equals four" (lit.: twice (adverbial) two (distributive neuter pl.) are four (cardinal neuter)). | ||
The related relational adjectives in ''-ónwás'' denote something "of X units", "consisting of X of something", e.g. ''hars hesyarírónwás'' "a village inhabited by 1000 people"; ''bésylam teréhónwátt'' "a three-part flag (a triband)"; ''elot pembírónwás'' "a group of five people, quintet". | The related relational adjectives in ''-ónwás'' denote something "of X units", "consisting of X of something", e.g. ''hars hesyarírónwás'' "a village inhabited by 1000 people"; ''bésylam teréhónwátt'' "a three-part flag (a triband)"; ''elot pembírónwás'' "a group of five people, quintet". | ||
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Collective numerals are used in order to count pluralia tantum or collective nouns. They have the form of fifth declension nouns used in the plural only (except for "one"); however, they do not decline for gender. | Collective numerals are used in order to count pluralia tantum or collective nouns. They have the form of fifth declension nouns used in the plural only (except for "one"); however, they do not decline for gender. | ||
All collective numerals are regularly formed by adding ''-é'' (or ''-né'' after vowels) to the cardinal stem (hence without the endings for '' | All collective numerals are regularly formed by adding ''-é'' (or ''-né'' after vowels) to the cardinal stem (hence without the endings for ''syutam'' and compounds), with the exception of the irregular 1 (''nyané''), 2 (''liyé''), and 3 (''teré''), and "four" which uses the combining stem (i.e. ''mehíné''). | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||