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|pronunciation = bɔ́ˑkɑ fɑlɑ́ˑmʊ | |pronunciation = bɔ́ˑkɑ fɑlɑ́ˑmʊ | ||
|creator = [[User:Shariifka|Shariifka]] | |creator = [[User:Shariifka|Shariifka]] | ||
| | |state = East Africa | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
|states = | |states = | ||
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|iso2 = | |iso2 = | ||
|iso3 = --> | |iso3 = --> | ||
| | |script1 = Latn | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
|agency = --> | |agency = --> | ||
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| nh || ɲ ~ j̃ || Free variation | | nh || ɲ ~ j̃ || Free variation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| q || ɢ || May be pronounced /ʁ/ between vowels. | | q || ɢ || May be pronounced /ʁ/ between vowels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| r || r || | | r || r || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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*Monophthong vowels in word-final syllables; | *Monophthong vowels in word-final syllables; | ||
*Word-final diphthong vowels. | *Word-final diphthong vowels. | ||
There are also true long vowels indicated by doubling the vowel letter of a monophthong (e.g. ''aa'') or the nucleus of a diphthong (e.g. ''aay''). If a word contains a true long vowel, | There are also true long vowels indicated by doubling the vowel letter of a monophthong (e.g. ''aa'') or the nucleus of a diphthong (e.g. ''aay''). If a word contains a true long vowel, any other accented short vowel in the same word is not lengthened. | ||
A word cannot begin in a vowel. Instead, a word written with an initial vowel is pronounced with a preceding glottal stop. | A word cannot begin in a vowel. Instead, a word written with an initial vowel is pronounced with a preceding glottal stop. | ||
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In this article, a circumflex accent is used for accented "front" vowels, while an acute accent is used for accented "back" vowels. Accented vowels of indeterminate frontness/backness are represented with a grave accent. | In this article, a circumflex accent is used for accented "front" vowels, while an acute accent is used for accented "back" vowels. Accented vowels of indeterminate frontness/backness are represented with a grave accent. | ||
====Etymological script==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
! Regular script !! ES equivalent !! Remarks | |||
|- | |||
| ' || ' || | |||
|- | |||
| b || b; p || | |||
|- | |||
| d || d || | |||
|- | |||
| dh || dh || | |||
|- | |||
| f || f || | |||
|- | |||
| g || g || | |||
|- | |||
| gw || gu || | |||
|- | |||
| h || h || | |||
|- | |||
| j || ch; dj; dg¹ || | |||
|- | |||
| k || c; qu¹ || | |||
|- | |||
| kuw || qu || | |||
|- | |||
| l || l || | |||
|- | |||
| m || m || | |||
|- | |||
| n || n; m² || | |||
|- | |||
| nh || nh || | |||
|- | |||
| q || k || | |||
|- | |||
| r || r || | |||
|- | |||
| s || s; ss; z; c¹; sc¹; sç || | |||
|- | |||
| t || t || | |||
|- | |||
| w || u || | |||
|- | |||
| x || x; j; g¹ || | |||
|- | |||
| y || y; i; ∅ || Written ''i'' after vowels except when after another ''i'' or before a stressed ''i'', in which case it is not written. Otherwise written ''y''. | |||
|- | |||
| CVrV || CVrV; CrV || rowspan="2" | When an "echo vowel" is inserted to break a consonant cluster ending in a liquid, the "echo vowel" is not written. The first vowel may also be dropped in writing in some words, even when etymological, provided that it is identical to the second vowel. | |||
|- | |||
| CVlV || CVlV; ClV | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
¹ Before front vowels | |||
² Word-finally | |||
Vowels are the same as the regular script, except diphthongs end in ''i'' and ''u'' instead of ''y'' and ''w'' respectively. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center; | {| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center; | ||
|+ Phonological correspondences between Portuguese and Falamu | |+ Phonological correspondences between Portuguese and Falamu | ||
! colspan="2"|Portuguese !! rowspan="2"|Falamu | ! colspan="2"|Portuguese !! rowspan="2"|Falamu !! rowspan="2" | Remarks | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Grapheme !! Environment | ! Grapheme !! Environment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ch || all || rowspan="5" | j | | ch || all || rowspan="5" | j || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j || initial | | j || initial or after consonant || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| g || initial before e/i | | g || initial or after consonant before e/i || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| di || rowspan="2"|unstressed before vowels | | di || rowspan="2"|unstressed before vowels || Sometimes maintained as ''d(i)''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti | | ti || Sometimes maintained as ''t(i)''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| x || | | x || as /ʃ/ || rowspan="3" | x || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j || | | j || after vowels || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| g || | | g || after vowels before e/i || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || as semivowel || rowspan="3" | w | | u || as semivowel || rowspan="3" | w || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gu || word-initial; as /ɡw/ between vowels | | gu || word-initial; as /ɡw/ between vowels || Sometimes maintained as ''g(w)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2"|v || initial before non-rounded vowel | | rowspan="2"|v || initial before non-rounded vowel || rowspan="2" | Sometimes becomes ''b'' when ''w'' is expected or vice versa, and sometimes becomes ''f''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| non-initial; initial before rounded vowel || rowspan="3" | b | | non-initial; initial before rounded vowel || rowspan="3" | b | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || rowspan="2" | all | | p || rowspan="2" | all || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| b | | b || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || rowspan="5" | all || rowspan="7" | s | | s || rowspan="5" | all || rowspan="7" | s || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ss | | ss || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| z | | z || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ç | | ç || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sç | | sç | ||
|- | |- | ||
| c || rowspan="2"|before e/i | | c || rowspan="2"|before e/i || | ||
|- | |||
| sc || | |||
|- | |||
<!-- | |||
| lh || all || rowspan="2"| y || | |||
|- | |||
| i || as semivowel || | |||
|- | |||
--> | |||
| rowspan="4" | lh || surrounded by non-front vowels || dh || rowspan="4" | These are the general tendencies, but individual words may break these guidelines. | |||
|- | |||
| preceded or followed by stressed /e/ || y | |||
|- | |||
| preceded by stressed /i/ and followed by non-front vowel || j | |||
|- | |||
| preceded by stressed /i/ and followed by front vowel || l | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | -ão || from earlier ''-an'' or ''-ano'' || -an || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | from earlier ''-on'' || -on || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | <!-- | ||
| nd || usually || ndh | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | nt || usually || nd | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ng, ngu || usually || (n)q | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | nc, nqu || usually || ng | ||
|- | |||
--> | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| amî || mî || mi || kimî || mi || | | amî || mî || mi || kimî || -mi || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2S | ! 2S | ||
| abô || bô || bu || kibô || bu || | | abô || bô || bu || kibô || -bu || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SM | ! 3SM | ||
| êl || êl || li || kisû || su || | | êl || êl || li || kisû || -su || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SF | ! 3SF | ||
| él || él || li || kisú || su || | | él || él || li || kisú || -su || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1PI | ! 1PI | ||
| anô || nô || nu || kinô || nu || | | anô || nô || nu || kinô || -nu || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1PE | ! 1PE | ||
| anôs || nôs || nus || kinôs || nus || | | anôs || nôs || nus || kinôs || -nus || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2P | ! 2P | ||
| abôs || bôs || bus || kibôs || bus || | | abôs || bôs || bus || kibôs || -bus || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3P | ! 3P | ||
| êlis || êlis || lis || kisûs || sus || | | êlis || êlis || lis || kisûs || -sus || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Reflexive/reciprocal | ! Reflexive/reciprocal | ||
| colspan="2"|méski + ''poss.'' || mes || — || — || When used independently, takes the definite article and a possessive - e.g. '' | | colspan="2"|méski + ''poss.'' || mes || — || — || When used independently, takes the definite article and a possessive - e.g. ''méskimi'' "myself"; ''méski kimî'' "I myself". | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Impersonal | ! Impersonal | ||
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====Interrogative pronouns==== | ====Interrogative pronouns==== | ||
*''kôs, | *''kôs, árguké'': what | ||
*''úndi, rugálké'': where | *''úndi, rugálké'': where | ||
*''móké'': how | *''móké'': how | ||
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'''Examples:''' | '''Examples:''' | ||
*''Kôs éki bu tá komê?'' / ''Kosêbu tá komê?'' "What are you eating?" | *''Kôs éki bu tá komê?'' / ''Kosêbu tá komê?'' "What are you eating?" | ||
*''Kén éki li | *''Kén éki li mirába?'' / ''Kenhéli mirába?'' "Who did (s)he see?" | ||
*''Wêskê éki lis bîn?'' / ''Weskêlis bîn?'' "When are they coming?" | *''Wêskê éki lis bîn?'' / ''Weskêlis bîn?'' "When are they coming?" | ||
*''Úndi éki lis nu | *''Úndi éki lis nu mirába?'' / ''Undélis nu mirába?'' "Where did they see us?" | ||
====Demonstrative pronouns==== | ====Demonstrative pronouns==== | ||
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*''kêl'': "that/those" (far) | *''kêl'': "that/those" (far) | ||
**Explicit plural: ''kêlis'' "those" | **Explicit plural: ''kêlis'' "those" | ||
*''kulá'': "that/those over there" ( | *''kulá'': "that/those over there" (far emphatic) | ||
**Explicit plural: ''kulás'' "those over there" | **Explicit plural: ''kulás'' "those over there" | ||
**Used in opposition to ''kêl''. | **Used in opposition to ''kêl''. | ||
====Definite pronouns==== | ====Definite pronouns==== | ||
*''ki'': "that, the one" | *''ki'': "that, the one" | ||
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'''Examples:''' | '''Examples:''' | ||
*'' | *''ôdhu'' "eye" -> ''ôdhus'' "eyes" | ||
*''dêd'' "finger, toe" -> ''dêdis'' "fingers, toes" | *''dêd'' "finger, toe" -> ''dêdis'' "fingers, toes" | ||
*''mán'' "hand, arm" -> ''mánhis'' "hands, arms" | *''mán'' "hand, arm" -> ''mánhis'' "hands, arms" | ||
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! Infinitive !! Present stem !! Past stem !! Meaning !! Remarks | ! Infinitive !! Present stem !! Past stem !! Meaning !! Remarks | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sê || é ~ sê || éra || "to be" || When ''é'' is used as the present in main clauses, it falls before the complement and no clitic subject pronouns or focus particles are used. <br /> E.g. ''él é muyêr.'' ≈ ''muyêr éki li sê.'' ≈ ''kôs li sê muyêr.'' "she is a woman." <br /> When '' | | sê || é ~ sê || éra || "to be" || When ''é'' is used as the present in main clauses, it falls before the complement and no clitic subject pronouns or focus particles are used. <br /> E.g. ''él é muyêr.'' ≈ ''muyêr éki li sê.'' ≈ ''kôs li sê muyêr.'' "she is a woman." <br /> When used adjectivally, ''sê'' is used.<br /> E.g. ''muyêr awtór sê'' "a woman who is an author'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
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|--> | |--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Additionally, there are a class of verbs | Additionally, there are a class of verbs (many of which end in ''-u'') that form their past in ''-èra''. These generally correspond to adjectives in other languages - e.g. ''altú'' "to be high"; ''áltu'' "(is) high"; ''altéra'' "was high". | ||
====Verb tenses==== | ====Verb tenses==== | ||
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| Present 1 || Present stem || ''é li fála'' "(s)he speaks"; ''fála!'' "speak!"; ''bisów fála'' "a person who speaks" || Used for present simple affirmative (which may have a habitual or stative meaning depending on the verb), adjectival present simple affirmative, and imperative affirmative. | | Present 1 || Present stem || ''é li fála'' "(s)he speaks"; ''fála!'' "speak!"; ''bisów fála'' "a person who speaks" || Used for present simple affirmative (which may have a habitual or stative meaning depending on the verb), adjectival present simple affirmative, and imperative affirmative. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Present 2 || Infinitive || ''é mi falá'' "I'll speak"; '' | | Present 2 || Infinitive || ''é mi falá'' "I'll speak"; ''ba mi falá'' "that I speak"; ''ná mi falá'' "I do not speak"; ''ná falá!'' "do not speak!" || Used for present prospective, present subordinate (but not adjectival), present negative and imperative negative. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Present progressive || tá + infinitive || ''é bu tá falá'' "you (sg.) are speaking" || | | Present progressive || tá + infinitive || ''é bu tá falá'' "you (sg.) are speaking" || | ||
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#As the table shows, ''keré'' "to want" + infinitive is used to form the future. In order to express a desire, a subjunctive phrase is used. For example: | #As the table shows, ''keré'' "to want" + infinitive is used to form the future. In order to express a desire, a subjunctive phrase is used. For example: | ||
#* ''é mi falá kére'' "I will speak" (lit. "I want speak") , versus | #* ''é mi falá kére'' "I will speak" (lit. "I want speak") , versus | ||
#* '' | #* ''ba mi falá é mi kére'' or ''kôs mi kére ba mi falá'' "I want to speak" (lit. "I want that I speak")--> | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
====Auxiliary verbs==== | ====Auxiliary verbs==== | ||
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**This can be combined with the middle to form ''-(d)dase''. | **This can be combined with the middle to form ''-(d)dase''. | ||
*'''Inchoative:''' add ''-eya'' to the stem (minus any final vowel). | *'''Inchoative:''' add ''-eya'' to the stem (minus any final vowel). | ||
**This is mostly used with verbs that form their past in ''-èra'' (other than ''sê'', which instead becomes ''fiká'') - e.g. ''altú'' "to be | **This is mostly used with verbs that form their past in ''-èra'' (other than ''sê'', which instead becomes ''fiká'') - e.g. ''altú'' "to be high" (past: ''altéra'') -> ''alteyá'' "to become high". It may also be added directly to nouns - e.g. ''bôs'' "voice, vote" -> ''boseyâ'' "to vote". | ||
**Other verbal suffixes can be added on top of it, in which case the final ''-a'' is dropped - e.g. ''alteyá'' "to become | **Other verbal suffixes can be added on top of it, in which case the final ''-a'' is dropped - e.g. ''alteyá'' "to become high" -> ''alteyfá'' "to make high". Note that, depending on the verb, adding the middle suffix on its own may not always change the meaning - e.g. ''alteyá'' "to become high" -> ''alteysé'' "to become high" | ||
===Particles=== | ===Particles=== | ||
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**Used when the independent object or emphasized subject is placed before the verb. | **Used when the independent object or emphasized subject is placed before the verb. | ||
**Comes after the relevant object/subject. Note that when used with a subject, it places the verb into its subordinate form - e.g. ''kumîda éki mi kôme.'' "I eat food./Food [is what] I eat."; ''Úmar éki kumîda komê.'' "[It is] Omar [who] eats food." | **Comes after the relevant object/subject. Note that when used with a subject, it places the verb into its subordinate form - e.g. ''kumîda éki mi kôme.'' "I eat food./Food [is what] I eat."; ''Úmar éki kumîda komê.'' "[It is] Omar [who] eats food." | ||
**''éki'' can contract with a following subject pronoun (if applicable), in which case the ''-ki-'' is dropped and ''e-'' takes the frontness/backness of the verb - e.g. ''kumîda | **''éki'' can contract with a following subject pronoun (if applicable), in which case the ''-ki-'' is dropped and ''e-'' takes the frontness/backness of the verb - e.g. ''kumîda êmi kôme.'' "I eat food."<br /> Note that this is identical to the contraction of ''é''. | ||
**''éki'' is usually not used in negative sentences - e.g. ''kumîda ná mi komê.'' "I do not eat food.".<br />However, it may be used for extra emphasis - e.g. ''Úmar éki kumîda ná komê.'' "[It is] Omar [who] does not eat food." | **''éki'' is usually not used in negative sentences - e.g. ''kumîda ná mi komê.'' "I do not eat food.".<br />However, it may be used for extra emphasis - e.g. ''Úmar éki kumîda ná komê.'' "[It is] Omar [who] does not eat food." | ||
*''kôs'': used to form main clauses. | *''kôs'': used to form main clauses. | ||
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====Interrogative suffixes/clitics==== | ====Interrogative suffixes/clitics==== | ||
*''-kè'': "which/what" | *''-kè'': "which/what" | ||
**Attaches to the word being modified (without affecting its accent) - e.g. '' | **Attaches to the word being modified (without affecting its accent) - e.g. ''bisówké?'' "what person?" | ||
**Alternatively, can be a separate word after a word with a definite article - e.g. '' | **Alternatively, can be a separate word after a word with a definite article - e.g. ''bisówki ké?'' "what person?" | ||
*''-kàl'': "which" | *''-kàl'': "which" | ||
**Similar placement as ''kè''. | **Similar placement as ''kè''. | ||
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====Conjunctions==== | ====Conjunctions==== | ||
*''i'': "and" (within a clause) | *''i'': "and" (within a clause) | ||
*'' | *''tabên'': "and" (connects clauses) | ||
*''bos'': "or" | *''bos'': "or" | ||
*''nón'': "or" (in questions) | *''nón'': "or" (in questions) | ||
*''kán'': "while, when" | *''kán'': "while, when" | ||
*'' | *''mâs'': "but" | ||
*'' | *''ê'': connects modified with modifier. | ||
**Follows modified. | **Follows modified. | ||
**Used for disambiguation (i.e. when its absence can lead to potential ambiguity). | **Used for disambiguation (i.e. when its absence can lead to potential ambiguity). | ||
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===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
===Time - ''Têmbuki - Têmpu-qui''=== | |||
<!-- | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Hijri Months - ''Los mesos hijrís'' | |||
! English !! Essanian | |||
|- | |||
| Muharram || muhárram | |||
|- | |||
| Safar || sáfar | |||
|- | |||
| Rabi' al-Awwal || rabigh primer | |||
|- | |||
| Rabi' ath-Thani || rabigh second | |||
|- | |||
| Jumada al-Ula || jumada primera | |||
|- | |||
| Jumada al-Akhirah || jumada seconda | |||
|- | |||
| Rajab || rájab | |||
|- | |||
| Sha'ban || xaghbán | |||
|- | |||
| Ramadan || ramadán | |||
|- | |||
| Shawwal || xawal | |||
|- | |||
| Dhu'l-Qa'dah || zulcaghda | |||
|- | |||
| Dhu'l-Hijjah || zulhaja | |||
|- | |||
|}--> | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Greogorian months - ''Mêsiski milâdiki - Mêsis-qui milâdi-qui'' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"| Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| January || jenêru || djenêru | |||
|- | |||
| February || colspan="2"| febrêru | |||
|- | |||
| March || mársu || márçu | |||
|- | |||
| April || colspan="2"| abrílu | |||
|- | |||
| May || máyu || máiu | |||
|- | |||
| June || júnhu || djúnhu | |||
|- | |||
| July || júdhu || djúdhu | |||
|- | |||
| August || colspan="2"| agôstu | |||
|- | |||
| September || colspan="2"|setêbru | |||
|- | |||
| October ||colspan="2"| otôbru | |||
|- | |||
| November || colspan="2"|nobêbru | |||
|- | |||
| December || desêbru || decêbru | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Days of the week - ''Dîyaski simánaki - Dîas-qui simána-qui'' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"| Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| Sunday || colspan="2"|dimíngu | |||
|- | |||
| Monday || colspan="2"|sugúnda | |||
|- | |||
| Tuesday || térsa || térça | |||
|- | |||
| Wednesday || kuwárta || quárta | |||
|- | |||
| Thursday || kínta || quínta | |||
|- | |||
| Friday || júm'a || djúm'a | |||
|- | |||
| Saturday || colspan="2"|sábtu | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Parts of the day - ''Bártiski dîyaki - Pártis-qui dîa-qui'' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"|Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| day || dîya || dîa | |||
|- | |||
| dawn || manhasé || manhacé | |||
|- | |||
| morning || manhasîn || manhacîm | |||
|- | |||
| noon || meydîya || mei-dîa | |||
|- | |||
| afternoon || colspan="2"|tárdi | |||
|- | |||
| evening || serán || serám | |||
|- | |||
| dusk || notisê || noticê | |||
|- | |||
| night || colspan="2"|nôti | |||
|- | |||
| midnight || meynôti || mei-nôti | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Units of time - ''Bártiski têmbuki - Pártis-qui têmpu-qui'' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"|Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| second || colspan="2"|sugúndu | |||
|- | |||
| minute || colspan="2"|minútu | |||
|- | |||
| hour || colspan="2"|óra | |||
|- | |||
| day || dîya || dîa | |||
|- | |||
| week || colspan="2"|simána | |||
|- | |||
| month || colspan="2"|mês | |||
|- | |||
| year || colspan="2"|ánhu | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Time adverbs - '' '' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"| Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| now || colspan="2"| agóra | |||
|- | |||
| then || entôn || entôm | |||
|- | |||
| recently, a short time ago || resén || recém | |||
|- | |||
| earlier || colspan="2"| ántis | |||
|- | |||
| soon, shortly || || | |||
|- | |||
| later || colspan="2"| lôg | |||
|- | |||
| always || sémber || sémper | |||
|- | |||
| often || wês jéy || uêz chéi | |||
|- | |||
| sometimes || wês-wês || uêz-uêz | |||
|- | |||
| rarely || || | |||
|- | |||
| never || núnka || núnca | |||
|- | |||
| ever || núnka || núnca | |||
|- | |||
| still, yet || colspan="2"| înda | |||
|- | |||
| already || já || djá | |||
|- | |||
| today || ôxi || ôji | |||
|- | |||
| tonight || notîn || notîm | |||
|- | |||
| yesterday || colspan="2"| ónti | |||
|- | |||
| last night || || | |||
|- | |||
| tomorrow || colspan="2"| manhá | |||
|- | |||
| before yesterday || || | |||
|- | |||
| two nights ago || || | |||
|- | |||
| after tomorrow || || | |||
|- | |||
| this week || || | |||
|- | |||
| last week || || | |||
|- | |||
| next week || || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Colours - ''Kôriski - Côris-qui''=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Colours - ''Kôriski - Côris-que'' | |||
! English !! colspan="2"|Falamu | |||
|- | |||
| white || baránku || bráncu | |||
|- | |||
| grey || sinsêntu || cinzêntu | |||
|- | |||
| black || colspan="2"|nêgru | |||
|- | |||
| red || werméyu || uerméiu | |||
|- | |||
| orange || laránja || larándja | |||
|- | |||
| brown || kastán || castám | |||
|- | |||
| yellow || colspan="2"| marêl | |||
|- | |||
| green || wêrdi || uêrdi | |||
|- | |||
| blue || asúl || azúl | |||
|- | |||
| pink || colspan="2"|rósa | |||
|- | |||
| purple || colspan="2"|rôx | |||
|- | |||
| golden || colspan="2"|dorád | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Sample Texts== | ==Sample Texts== | ||
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)=== | ===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)=== | ||
'''Regular:''' | '''Regular:''' | ||
Aadamiki | Aadamiki todkisu kos li nase el e hor se nibradu taben na orra i deretis. Ilaahi kos daba menti i damir, taben e ba bisowki si we bisowki otu kuli modi irman li axi. | ||
'''Phonetic:''' | '''Phonetic:''' | ||
Aadâmiki | Aadâmiki tôdkisu kôs li náse êl ê hór sê nibrádu tabên na órra i derêtis. Ilaâhi kôs dába mênti i damír, tabên é ba bisówki si wê bisówki ôtu kuli módi irmán li âxi. | ||
'''Portuguese-based:''' | '''Portuguese-based:''' | ||
Aadâmi-qui tôd-qui su côs li násce êl | Aadâmi-qui tôd-qui-su côs li násce êl ê hór sê nibrádu tabêm na órra i drêtis. Ilaâhi côs dába mênti i damír, tabêm é pa pissóu-qui si uê pissóu-qui ôtu culi módi irmám li âgi. | ||
'''IPA:''' | '''IPA:''' | ||
/æːdǽmiki | /æːdǽmiki tɞ́dkisʉ kɞ́s lɪ nɑ́sɛ él é hɔ́r sé nɪbrɑ́dʊ tæbéŋ nɑ ʔɔ́rːɑ i derétis || ilæ̌ːhi kɞ́s dɑ́bɑ ménti ɪ dɑmɪ́r | tæbéŋ ʔɛ́ bɑ bɪsɔ́ʊkɪ si wé bɪsɔ́ʊkɪ ɞ́tʉ kʉli mɔ́dɪ ʔɪrmɑ́ŋ li ʔǽʃi/ | ||
[æːðǽmiki | [æːðǽmiki tɞ́ˑdkisʉ kɞ́ˑs lɪ nɑ́ˑsɛ éˑl éˑ hɔ́ˑr séˑ nɪbrɑ́ˑðʊ tæβéˑŋ nɑ ʔɔ́rːɑ i deréˑtis || ilæ̌ːhi kɞ́ˑs dɑ́ˑβɑ ménti ɪ dɑmɪ́ˑr | tæβéˑŋ ʔɛ́ˑ bɑ bɪsɔ́ʊ̯kɪ si wéˑ bɪsɔ́ʊ̯kɪ ɞ́ːtʉ kʉli mɔ́ˑðɪ ʔɪrmɑ́ˑŋ li ʔǽˑʃi] | ||
'''Gloss:''' | '''Gloss:''' | ||
humanity-the all-the 3S.POSS FOC 3S.SUBJ be_born 3S.SUBJ ADJ free being and | humanity-the all-the-3S.POSS FOC 3S.SUBJ be_born 3S.SUBJ ADJ free being being_equal and in dignity and rights. God FOC give-PST reason and conscience, and is that person-the IMP see person-the other with-3S like brother 3S.SUBJ act.PRES1. | ||
'''Translation:''' | '''Translation:''' | ||
Line 523: | Line 819: | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Falamu/Swadesh list|Swadesh list]] | |||
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