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! Particle !! Type!! Usage | ! Particle !! Type!! Usage | ||
|- | |- | ||
! anda | |||
| Interruptive | |||
| Particle used to break a long-winded monologue by the other speech participant, with the force of “If you'd stop a minute and let me speak...!” | |||
|- | |- | ||
! suakk(e) | |||
| Attitudunal | |||
| Particle indicating strong disgust, best translated as "That is is sooooo gross!", but depending on context can also convey, "I find what you are/did is totally reprehensible", or "That's stupid" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! (na')inna | |||
| Connective | |||
| Particle recalling what the speaker immediately said previously to segue into a new statement, sometimes translated as "You know" but better "As you recall what I just said..." | |||
|- | |- | ||
! šukna | |||
| Empathy | |||
| Particle used by the speaker indicating sympathy to the listener for what the listener has said | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ahātu | |||
| Connective | |||
| “therefore, thus” | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ra'e | |||
| Confirmatory - Expective | |||
| Particle indicating that the speaker expects the listener to agree what the speaker just said | |||
|- | |- | ||
! wāš | |||
| Exclamatory Interjection | |||
| Particle indicating (usually) pleasant surprise. It also a clitic form that is affixed to a verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
! naxt(a) | |||
| Dissent/Disagreement | |||
| Particle indicating strong disagreement; often used as a counterargument to “ra'e” | |||
|- | |- | ||
! se(ħ) | |||
| Interruptive-Disapproval | |||
| Particle indicating mild disapproval of a person's statement or behavior | |||
|- | |- | ||
! hamman | |||
| Dissent/Interruptive-Disapproval | |||
| Another Interruptive particle, used to convey strong dissent | |||
|- | |- | ||
! hayye | |||
| Prompt | |||
| Particle used to elicit a response | |||
|- | |- | ||
! kay | |||
| Emphatic-Assertive | |||
| Particle indicating the speaker's statement is beyond question | |||
|- | |- | ||
! mek | |||
| Deferential | |||
| Particle used to soften an assertion or a command | |||
|- | |- | ||
! tana | |||
| Deferential-Confirmatory | |||
| Particle of politeness, used to gently confirm that the listener agrees with what the speaker said | |||
|- | |- | ||
! suš, surušši | |||
| Connective - Dissent/Disagreemen/Interruptive | |||
| Particle of contradiction, brings to the foreground what the listener had previously said, and now the speaker is presenting a rebuttal to said statement. This is both an Interruptive and Connective particle | |||
|- | |- | ||
! kaddāħ | |||
| Emphatic Attitudunal-Dissent/Disagreement | |||
| Particle indicating strong dislike of the listener as a result of previous statements by the listener. Oftentimes translated as “You idiot!”, or even “Fuck you!”. | |||
Be VERY careful when using this particle!!! | Be VERY careful when using this particle!!! |
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