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Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
→Strong verbs
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Strong verbs can be put into classes depending on how the past stem is formed: | Strong verbs can be put into classes depending on how the past stem is formed: | ||
#'''Class 1:''' The past stem is formed | #'''Class 1:''' The past stem is formed by lengthening the stem vowel (but ''-a-'' "lengthens" to ''-ē-'') — e.g. ''*'''dah'''jō'' "I do" > ''*'''dēh'''ai'' "I did". | ||
#<b>Class 2:</b> The past stem is formed by adding ''-s-'' | #<b>Class 2:</b> The past stem is formed by adding ''-s-'' — e.g. ''*<b>þrag</b>ō'' "I drag" > ''*<b>þrahs</b>ai'' "I dragged" | ||
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#'''Class 3:''' The past stem is identical to the present stem | #'''Class 3:''' The past stem is identical to the present stem — e.g. ''*'''fip'''ō'' "I drink" > ''*'''fip'''ai'' "I drank"--> | ||
#'''Class 3:''' The past stem is formed by reduplication of the first consonant followed by ''-e-'' | #'''Class 3:''' The past stem is formed by reduplication of the first consonant followed by ''-e-'' — e.g. ''*'''han'''ō'' "I sing" > ''*'''hegan'''ai'' "I sang" (note: ''*hegan-'' is underlyingly ''*hehan-'') | ||
#'''Irregular:''' The past stem is formed in another eay besides those above. | |||
Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives. | Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives. | ||