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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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# '''ṅ''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}} is phonemic only in the name of the corresponding letter and, diachronically, through saṃdhi in simplifications of {{IPA|/N/}} + velar stop clusters; such instances are, however, to be considered phonemic as the original form is only apparent either throughout the declension or in different styles, see e.g. ''ṣṭhīṭaṅ'' "yesterday", ''tataṅ'' "today" (← ''ṣṭhīṭaṅga, tataṅga'', used in the declension of the nominal forms except for the direct singular) or ''māṅar'' "we (plural)" (← ''mānagar'', still found in extremely formal styles or in some set phrases). | # '''ṅ''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}} is phonemic only in the name of the corresponding letter and, diachronically, through saṃdhi in simplifications of {{IPA|/N/}} + velar stop clusters; such instances are, however, to be considered phonemic as the original form is only apparent either throughout the declension or in different styles, see e.g. ''ṣṭhīṭaṅ'' "yesterday", ''tataṅ'' "today" (← ''ṣṭhīṭaṅga, tataṅga'', used in the declension of the nominal forms except for the direct singular) or ''māṅar'' "we (plural)" (← ''mānagar'', still found in extremely formal styles or in some set phrases). | ||
# The {{IPA|/pʰ/}} phoneme is | # The {{IPA|/pʰ/}} phoneme is marginal; it has a separate letter in the script, but as a phoneme it is only found in the name of the letter itself, in a few words of onomatopoeic origin, and as the result of saṃdhi (from the clusters ''-p h-'' or ''-p ḫ-''); the vast majority of contemporary speakers merge it with {{IPA|/ɸ~f/}}. | ||
# {{IPA|/ɖ/}} and {{IPA|/ɖʱ/}} are generally represented by the stop realizations, however, in the contemporary spoken language, except when adjacent to another consonant they are most commonly realized as any of {{IPA|[ɽ(ʱ) ɭ(ʱ) ɻ(ʱ)]}} depending on the geographical origin of the speaker, realizations which are influenced by the historical development of Classical Dundulanyä {{IPA|/ɖ ɖʱ/}} in the modern vernaculars. | # {{IPA|/ɖ/}} and {{IPA|/ɖʱ/}} are generally represented by the stop realizations, however, in the contemporary spoken language, except when adjacent to another consonant they are most commonly realized as any of {{IPA|[ɽ(ʱ) ɭ(ʱ) ɻ(ʱ)]}} depending on the geographical origin of the speaker, realizations which are influenced by the historical development of Classical Dundulanyä {{IPA|/ɖ ɖʱ/}} in the modern vernaculars. | ||