Varangian: Difference between revisions

202 bytes removed ,  17 June 2023
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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
*The citation form is the singular nominative
*The citation form is the nominative-accusative singular.
*Pluralization of regular masculine nouns:
*Pluralization of regular masculine nouns:
**Ending in consonant: add ''-ă''.  
**Ending in consonant: add ''-ă''.  
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**Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ăr''.  
**Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ăr''.  
**Ending in ''-u'': add ''-r''.
**Ending in ''-u'': add ''-r''.
*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural. The only vowels affected are ''a, ă'', and ''â''.
*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural.
**''a'' > ''o''
*A class of nouns known as consonant stems have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut. Some examples of consonant stems:
**''ă, â'' > ''u''
**''mând'' "man" (M) > ''mindă''
*Some nouns have a ''-j-'', palatalization, or ''-v-'' that appears before endings beginning in a vowel but is dropped otherwise.
**''foðr'' "father" (M) > ''feðră''
*A few nouns (known as consonant stems) have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut (i.e. singular has u-umlaut that is lost in plural). Some examples of common nouns with irregular plurals are listed below:
**''moðr'' "mother" (F) > ''meðrăr''
**''mând'' (M) > ''mindă''
**''šistr'' "sister" (F) > ''šistrăr''
**''foðr'' (M) > ''feðră''
**''broðr'' "brother" (M) > ''breðră''
**''moðr'' (F) > ''meðrăr''
**''dotr'' "daughter" (F) > ''detrăr''
**''šistr'' (F) > ''šistrăr''
**''fot'' "foot" (M) > ''fetă''
**''broðr'' (M) > ''breðră''
**''tund'' "tooth" (F) > ''tindăr''
**''dotr'' (F) > ''detrăr''
**''not'' "night" (F) > ''netăr''
**''fot'' (M) > ''fetă''
**''džov'' "gift" (F) > ''džavăr''
**''tund'' (F) > ''tindăr''
**''corn'' "lake" (F) > ''carnăr''
**''not'' (F) > ''netăr''
**''džov'' (F) > ''džavăr''
**''corn'' (F) > ''carnăr''
* Formation of genitive-dative:
* Formation of genitive-dative:
**Masculine and neuter consonant stems: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative singular.
**Masculine and neuter consonant stems: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative singular.
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