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| Here, while the word for "employee" can come after the verb meaning "to fear", the word for "soldier", cannot, since it takes the ergative case (as it is the subject of the transitive verb damasù meaning "to scam"). | | Here, while the word for "employee" can come after the verb meaning "to fear", the word for "soldier", cannot, since it takes the ergative case (as it is the subject of the transitive verb damasù meaning "to scam"). |
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| <h4>Vowel Replacement</h4>
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| All Antarctican verbs use infixation to mark 1st person exclusive objects, whom, what (as a direct object), reflexive objects, the imperfective antipassive, and the superordinate voice. However, there is a subset of verbs that use vowel replacement to mark 1st person inclusive objects, 2nd person objects, and the perfective antipassive.
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| These are verbs where either a) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /i/, the second vowel has breathy voice, and there is no nasal intervening (plain nasals, prestopped nasals, and the placeless nasal /ɴ/ all count) or b) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by a voiceless obstruent, without /ɴ/ intervening or c) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by an approximant and then a vowel with breathy voice, without /ɴ/ intervening
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| The vowel replacements depend on whether the verb begins with a hard or soft consonant, but are regular (and have tense voice) and given in the table below:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Vowel Replacements for Voice and Object Pronouns
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| |-
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| |Hard Form
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| |Soft Form
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| |-
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| |1PS Inclusive
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| |á
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| |áe
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| |-
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| |2PS
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| |áo
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| |áo
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| |-
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| |Perfective Antipassive
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| |N/A use the -éys- infix instead
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| |ów
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| |}
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| For example:
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| siséychu /siseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus
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| sáséychu /saʔseiʔcu/ - to stab us (including you), verb focus
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| sáoséychu /sɜʔseiʔcu/ - to stab you, verb focus
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| Note that the perfective antipassive form is created using the infix -éys- i.e. séysiséychu /seiʔsiseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus, perfective antipassive. It is only with verbs starting with soft consonants that vowel replacement is used.
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| Also note that, for the other persons and voices, infixation is used e.g.
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| semiséychu /semiseiʔcu/ - to stab me / us (not including you), verb focus
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| seriséychu /seʁiseiʔcu/ - to stab oneself, verb focus
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| sariséychu /saʁiseiʔcu/ - to stab who, verb focus
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| sabiséychu /sabiseiʔcu/ - to stab what, verb focus
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| samiséychu /samiseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus, imperfective antipassive
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| More examples:
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| kiràomùe /kiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite, verb focus
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| kimyiràomùe /kimʲiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite me / us (not including you), verb focus
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| 'káràomùe /kaʔʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite us (including you), verb focus
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| 'káoràomùe /kɜʔʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite you, verb focus
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| keriràomùe /keʁiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite oneself, verb focus
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| kariràomùe /kaʁiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite who, verb focus
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| kabiràomùe /kabiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite what, verb focus
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| 'kówràomùe /kouʔʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite, verb focus, perfective antipassive
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| kamiràomùe /kamiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite, verb focus, imperfective antipassive
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| shuetinju /çɨtiɴɟu/ - to count, verb focus
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| shimyuetinju /çimʲɨtiɴɟu/ - to count me / us (not including you), verb focus
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| yáetinju /jɛʔtiɴɟu/ - to count us (including you), verb focus
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| yáotinju /jɜʔtiɴɟu/ - to count you, verb focus
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| shiluetinju /çilɨtiɴɟu/ - to count oneself, verb focus
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| sheluetinju /çelɨtiɴɟu/ - to count who, verb focus
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| shebyuetinju /çebʲɨtiɴɟu/ - to count what, verb focus
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| yówtinju /jouʔtiɴɟu/ - to count, verb focus, perfective antipassive
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| shemyuetinju /çemʲɨtiɴɟu/ - to count, verb focus, imperfective antipassive
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| (The /ç/ is lenited to /j/ when the vowel is replaced, since Antarctican does not like words starting with fricatives other than /s/ if the next vowel has tense voice.
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Line 1,127: |
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| pyõohli-uu /pʲɔːɬiʔuː/ - purify you (emphatic), verb focus | | pyõohli-uu /pʲɔːɬiʔuː/ - purify you (emphatic), verb focus |
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| If an object would be formed by vowel replacement (instead of an infix), then the emphatic form is created by lengthening the first vowel e.g.
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| siséychu /siseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus
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| sáoséychu /sɜʔseiʔcu/ - to stab you, verb focus
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| sáaoséychu /sɜːʔseiʔcu/ - to stab you (emphatic), verb focus
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