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Northeadish: Difference between revisions
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→q, ᵹ, and ƕ
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*''þēht'' ‘tight’, from *''þenhtaz''. | *''þēht'' ‘tight’, from *''þenhtaz''. | ||
====q, | ====q, ᵹ, and ƕ==== | ||
The “labiovelar” letters <nowiki><q></nowiki>, < | The “labiovelar” letters <nowiki><q></nowiki>, <ᵹ>, and <ƕ> have several possible articulations depending on their placement in a word and their proximities to other vowels and consonants. The letter <ᵹ> in particular is the realization of Germanic [[verschärfung]], which comes from Proto-Germanic combinations such as *gg, *gw, *ww, and *gwj. It may also arise from an intervocalic *w in certain circumstances. The other labiovelar consonants, *hw and *kw, followed the pattern of *gw later in the development of Northeadish. The rules for these letters, while many, are all the same. <nowiki><q></nowiki>, <ᵹ>, and <ƕ> are pronounced as: | ||
*[k, g, x], respectively, between two consonants, or after a consonant when word-final. | *[k, g, x], respectively, between two consonants, or after a consonant when word-final. | ||
**''steŋqdȳr'' ‘skunk’ [stɛŋk.dyːr] | **''steŋqdȳr'' ‘skunk’ [stɛŋk.dyːr] | ||
**'' | **''æŋᵹlesca'' ‘English’ [ɛŋg.lɛs.kə] | ||
**''hulɧ'' ‘hollow’ [hʊlx] | **''hulɧ'' ‘hollow’ [hʊlx] | ||
*[kʊ, gʊ, xʊ], respectively, after a consonant and before a syllabic. | *[kʊ, gʊ, xʊ], respectively, after a consonant and before a syllabic. | ||
**''seŋqɴ'' ‘to sink’ [sɛŋ.kʊn] | **''seŋqɴ'' ‘to sink’ [sɛŋ.kʊn] | ||
**'' | **''æŋᵹʌ'' ‘angle’ [ɛŋ.gʊl] | ||
**''arƕʀ'' ‘arrows’ [ar.xʊr] | **''arƕʀ'' ‘arrows’ [ar.xʊr] | ||
*[kw, gw, xw] before a vowel, when after a consonant or word-initial. | *[kw, gw, xw] before a vowel, when after a consonant or word-initial. | ||
**''qerna'' ‘millstone’ [kwɛr.nə] | **''qerna'' ‘millstone’ [kwɛr.nə] | ||
**'' | **''aŋᵹa'' ‘narrow’ [aŋ.gwə] | ||
**''melcƕīt'' ‘calcium’ [mɛlk.xwiːt] | **''melcƕīt'' ‘calcium’ [mɛlk.xwiːt] | ||
*[ukʊ, ugʊ, uxʊ] after a vowel and before a syllabic. | *[ukʊ, ugʊ, uxʊ] after a vowel and before a syllabic. | ||
**''sleqɴ'' ‘to extinguish’ [slɛu.kʊn] | **''sleqɴ'' ‘to extinguish’ [slɛu.kʊn] | ||
**'' | **''baᵹᴍ'' ‘tree’ [bau.gʊm] | ||
**''seƕɴ'' ‘to see’ [sɛu.xʊn] | **''seƕɴ'' ‘to see’ [sɛu.xʊn] | ||
*[ukw, ugw, uxw] when intervocalic. | *[ukw, ugw, uxw] when intervocalic. | ||
**''eqarn'' ‘acorn’ [ɛu.kwarn] | **''eqarn'' ‘acorn’ [ɛu.kwarn] | ||
**'' | **''beᵹa'' ‘grain, cereal’ [bɛu.gwə] | ||
**''aƕa'' ‘water’ [au.xwə] | **''aƕa'' ‘water’ [au.xwə] | ||
*[uk, ug, ux] after a vowel and before a consonant or when word-final. | *[uk, ug, ux] after a vowel and before a consonant or when word-final. | ||
**''þeq'' ‘thick’ [θɛuk] | **''þeq'' ‘thick’ [θɛuk] | ||
**'' | **''daᵹ'' ‘dew’ [daug] | ||
**''seɧcunðag'' ‘visible’ [sɛ́ux.kʊn.ðəg] | **''seɧcunðag'' ‘visible’ [sɛ́ux.kʊn.ðəg] | ||
*In simpler terms: | *In simpler terms: | ||
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**The coda labiovelar becomes vocalic ([ʊ]) when followed by a syllabic. | **The coda labiovelar becomes vocalic ([ʊ]) when followed by a syllabic. | ||
*When any labiovelar consonant is followed by <v>, the pronunciation of <v> changes from [v] to [w]. | *When any labiovelar consonant is followed by <v>, the pronunciation of <v> changes from [v] to [w]. | ||
**'' | **''treᵹvetscap'' ‘dendrology’ [trɛug.wɛt.skap] | ||
**''naɧventʀ'' ‘next winter’ [naux.wɛnt.r̩] | **''naɧventʀ'' ‘next winter’ [naux.wɛnt.r̩] | ||