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Hadda: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
(Example verbs are ''gaaⱳa'' "to throw", ''maara'' | (Example verbs are ''gaaⱳa'' "to throw", ''maara'' "to lead", and ''ħaɗɗa'' "to be ħaɗɗa") | ||
The infinitive | ===Non-finite forms=== | ||
The present infinitive is of the form ''XCaaCa'' or ''XCaCCa'', where X can be anything. Only the final portion (after X) changes. Therefore, "initial" consonant below refers to the initial consonant in the penultimate syllable. | |||
Each tense has an infinitive formed with the bare stem of that tense that declines as a noun - e.g. ''gaɓɓam'' "in order to habitually throw". The corresponding participles/adjectives are formed with the genitive - e.g. ''gaaⱳiya'' "throwing" ("of throwing"), ''lamooriya'' "about to be lead", and ''ħaɗɗiya'' "Hadda (''adj.'')" ("of being Hadda"). | |||
====Mood==== | ====Mood==== | ||
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**Other: stem vowel becomes ''o'' - e.g. ''moora'' "will lead", ''ħoɗɗa'' "will be/become hadda" | **Other: stem vowel becomes ''o'' - e.g. ''moora'' "will lead", ''ħoɗɗa'' "will be/become hadda" | ||
*Present progressive: Used for an event currently occurring. | *Present progressive: Used for an event currently occurring. | ||
**Identical to infinitive - e.g. ''gaaⱳa'' "is throwing, has been throwing", ''maara'' "is leading, has been leading", ''ħaɗɗa'' "is hadda" | **Identical to the present infinitive - e.g. ''gaaⱳa'' "is throwing, has been throwing", ''maara'' "is leading, has been leading", ''ħaɗɗa'' "is hadda" | ||
*Present habitual: Used for an event that regularly occurs (habitual) or general truths (gnomic). | *Present habitual: Used for an event that regularly occurs (habitual) or general truths (gnomic). | ||
**''CaaCa'' verbs become ''CaCCa'' - e.g. ''gaɓɓa'' "throws", ''malla'' "leads" | **''CaaCa'' verbs become ''CaCCa'' - e.g. ''gaɓɓa'' "throws", ''malla'' "leads" | ||