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Ris/Morphology: Difference between revisions
→Independent
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=====Independent===== | =====Independent===== | ||
Ris independent personal pronouns are not compulsory in the language. Ris is as such a [[w:pro-drop language|pro-drop language]]. The pronouns decline according to 3 persons, 3 [[Ris#Number|numbers]], and 7 [[Ris#Cases|cases]]. | Ris independent personal pronouns are not compulsory in the language. Ris is as such a [[w:pro-drop language|pro-drop language]]. The pronouns decline according to 3 persons, 3 [[Ris#Number|numbers]], and 7 [[Ris#Cases|cases]]. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px; text-align:center" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px; text-align:center" | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="10"|Ris first and second personal pronouns | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Number→ | !Number→ | ||
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! colspan="3" scope="col"|Plural | ! colspan="3" scope="col"|Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Person→ | !Person→ | ||
| Line 243: | Line 245: | ||
|''kera'' | |''kera'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Agentive | !Agentive | ||
| Line 265: | Line 266: | ||
|''keura'' | |''keura'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Dative | !Dative | ||
| Line 287: | Line 287: | ||
|''kei'' | |''kei'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Instrumental | !Instrumental | ||
| Line 309: | Line 308: | ||
|''kenar'' | |''kenar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Locative | !Locative | ||
| Line 331: | Line 329: | ||
|''kioura'' | |''kioura'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Genitive | !Genitive | ||
| Line 350: | Line 347: | ||
|''kiara'' | |''kiara'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Vocative | !Vocative | ||
| Line 372: | Line 367: | ||
|''ker'' | |''ker'' | ||
|} | |||
The third person pronouns belong to the first paradigm of nouns, and are much more regular than the first and second person pronouns, although not completely regular. Like many other languages, Ris uses the third person pronouns to serve as demonstratives as well. In Ris' case, they are proximal demonstratives. | |||
The patientive inanimate singulative pronoun also happens to be the [[Ris#The topic marker|Ris topic marker]]. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px; text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6"|Ris proximal demonstratives | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Number→ | !Number→ | ||
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! scope="col"|Plural | ! scope="col"|Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Person→ | !Person→ | ||
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!Patientive | !Patientive | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1"|''en'' | ||
| | |||
|''as'' | |''as'' | ||
|''ante'' | |||
|'' | |||
| | |''atai'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Agentive | !Agentive | ||
| | |''he'' | ||
| | |''hai'' | ||
|'' | |''atir'' | ||
| | |''antir'' | ||
|'' | |''athe'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Dative | !Dative | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1"|''enai'' | ||
| | |''ati'' | ||
|'' | |''antai'' | ||
|''ata'' | |||
|'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Instrumental | !Instrumental | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1"|''ena'' | ||
| | |''atan'' | ||
|'' | |''antan'' | ||
|''atanta'' | |||
|'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Genitive | ||
| | |''hei'' | ||
| | |''hai'' | ||
|'' | |''ai'' | ||
|'' | |''anti'' | ||
| | |''athi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Locative | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1"|''enou'' | ||
| | |''au'' | ||
|'' | |''antou'' | ||
|''atouri'' | |||
|'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Vocative | !Vocative | ||
| | |''he'' | ||
| | |''hia'' | ||
|''as'' | |''as'' | ||
|''ante'' | |||
|'' | |||
| | |''athi'' | ||
|} | |} | ||