Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions

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Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles.
Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles.


Continuous time is expressed with accusative singular in most cases, as there usually is a cardinal number, e.g. ''fūlmāmei tetacunīyu yųlauça'' — I ate for sixty (50<sub>12</sub>) tetacunīye. The main exception is where there's no specific time quantity, e.g. ''garaṇānu yųlauça'' — I ate for hours.
Continuous time is expressed with accusative singular in most cases, as there usually is a cardinal number, e.g. ''šulkmāmei tetacunīyu yųlauça'' — I ate for sixty (50<sub>12</sub>) tetacuneyai. The main exception is where there's no specific time quantity, e.g. ''garaṇānu yųlaute'' — I ate for hours.


Punctual time uses the locative case where the intended meaning is "in a given moment", e.g. ''4V<ref>V stands for ''vyāṣāmaha'', the Chlouvānem term for “era”. When expressed in English, these dates bear the normal E of “era”.</ref> Ɛ0-e Galiākine mitь'' — (s)he/it was in Galiākina in 4E Ɛ0 (132<sub>10</sub>). The locative form is thus used for:
Punctual time uses the locative case where the intended meaning is "in a given moment", e.g. ''4V<ref>V stands for ''vyāṣāmaha'', the Chlouvānem term for “era”. When expressed in English, these dates bear the normal E of “era”.</ref> Ɛ0-e Galiākine ė'' — (s)he/it was in Galiākina in 4E Ɛ0 (132<sub>10</sub>). The locative form is thus used for:
* years — ''4V Ɛ1-e'' (in 4E Ɛ1 (133<sub>10</sub>))
* years — ''4V Ɛ1-e'' (in 4E Ɛ1 (133<sub>10</sub>))
* solar and lunar months — ''Māltapārṇāvye'', ...
* solar and lunar months — ''Māltapārṇāvye'', ...
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* festivities <small>(see [[Verse:Chlouvānem_Inquisition#Holidays|Chlouvānem Inquisition § Holidays]] for a list of them)</small> — ''bhaivyāvāṣare'' (during Bhaivyāvāṣara)
* festivities <small>(see [[Verse:Chlouvānem_Inquisition#Holidays|Chlouvānem Inquisition § Holidays]] for a list of them)</small> — ''bhaivyāvāṣare'' (during Bhaivyāvāṣara)
* hours — ''3-e bembyė'' (at 3 in the afternoon)
* hours — ''3-e bembyė'' (at 3 in the afternoon)
* seasons — ''enaukamñe'' (in summer)
* seasons — ''enaukaṃrye'' (in summer)
Seasons are a partial exception, because if the meaning is "throughout the season", then the accusative is used, e.g. ''enaukamu'' throughout the summer", "all summer long".
Seasons are a partial exception, because if the meaning is "throughout the season", then the accusative is used, e.g. ''enaukamu'' throughout the summer", "all summer long".


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Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where:
Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where:
* ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning);
* ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning);
* ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) tetacunīye (g:yy format);
* ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai (g:yy format);
* ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) tetacunīye), and 3 tetacunīye (g.l:yy format).
* ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai), and 3 tetacuneyai (g.l:yy format).
The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (væl)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (væl)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?).
The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (vi)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (vi)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?).


When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, ''væl'' can be omitted):
When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, ''vi'' can be omitted):
* ''L 1:10 — leil māmei lalei væl'' (it's one and twelve of the night)
* ''L 1:10 — leila māmei lalei vi'' (it's one and twelve of the night)
* ''L 1:Ɛ0 — leil māmimīram lalei væl'' (it's one and 132 of the night)
* ''L 1:Ɛ0 — leila māmimīram lalei vi'' (it's one and 132 of the night)
* ''L 1:90'' — either ''leil daniāmita no lalei væl'' (it's half and one of the night) or ''leili daniāmita lalei væl'' (it’s half one of the night).
* ''L 1:90'' — either ''leila daniāmita no lalei vi'' (it's half and one of the night) or ''leili daniāmita lalei vi'' (it’s half one of the night).
In this last case, the reading “''leil mojemāmei lalei væl''" is possible, but very rare (usually in formal communications only).
In this last case, the reading “''leil mojemāmei lalei vi''" is possible, but very rare (usually in formal communications only).


However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa):
However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa):
* ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden daniui lalei væl'' (it's eleven [tetacuṃlāṇai] to two of the night)
* ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden daniå lalei vi'' (it's eleven [tetacuṃlāṇai] to two of the night)
* ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' — ''leil daniui lalei væl'' (it's one to two of the night)
* ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' — ''leila daniå lalei vi'' (it's one to two of the night)
If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y tetacunīye”, and another one used in the latter eight that uses "it's X tetacunīye to the Yth tetacuṃlāṇa”:
If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y tetacuneyai”, and another one used in the latter eight that uses "it's X tetacuneyai to the Yth tetacuṃlāṇa”:
* ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah nęlten lapi leili lalei væl'' (it's the second [tetacuṃlāṇa] with four [tetacunīye] of one of the night)
* ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah nęltą lā leili lalei vi'' (it's the second [tetacuṃlāṇa] with four [tetacunīye] of one of the night)
* ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka pāmvendiui leili lalei væl'' (it's seven [tetacunīye] to the third [tetacuṃlāṇa] of one of the night)
* ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka pāmvendiom leili lalei vi'' (it's seven [tetacunīye] to the third [tetacuṃlāṇa] of one of the night)
When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e yakṣusah mitь'' "at 2.9:6 (2:120) of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”: ''mojende tulūʔan lapi danīyi bembiė yakṣusah mitь'' “at the ninth [tetacuṃlāṇa] with six [tetacunīye] of two of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.
When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e yahītite lā ė'' "at 2.9:6 (2:120) of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”: ''mojende tulūʔąa lā danīyi bembyė yahītite lā ė'' “at the ninth [tetacuṃlāṇa] with six [tetacunīye] of two of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.


==Notes==
==Notes==
[[Category:Chlouvānem]]
[[Category:Chlouvānem]]
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