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Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions
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→Expressing time in Chlouvānem
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Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles. | Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles. | ||
Continuous time is expressed with accusative singular in most cases, as there usually is a cardinal number, e.g. '' | Continuous time is expressed with accusative singular in most cases, as there usually is a cardinal number, e.g. ''šulkmāmei tetacunīyu yųlauça'' — I ate for sixty (50<sub>12</sub>) tetacuneyai. The main exception is where there's no specific time quantity, e.g. ''garaṇānu yųlaute'' — I ate for hours. | ||
Punctual time uses the locative case where the intended meaning is "in a given moment", e.g. ''4V<ref>V stands for ''vyāṣāmaha'', the Chlouvānem term for “era”. When expressed in English, these dates bear the normal E of “era”.</ref> Ɛ0-e Galiākine | Punctual time uses the locative case where the intended meaning is "in a given moment", e.g. ''4V<ref>V stands for ''vyāṣāmaha'', the Chlouvānem term for “era”. When expressed in English, these dates bear the normal E of “era”.</ref> Ɛ0-e Galiākine ė'' — (s)he/it was in Galiākina in 4E Ɛ0 (132<sub>10</sub>). The locative form is thus used for: | ||
* years — ''4V Ɛ1-e'' (in 4E Ɛ1 (133<sub>10</sub>)) | * years — ''4V Ɛ1-e'' (in 4E Ɛ1 (133<sub>10</sub>)) | ||
* solar and lunar months — ''Māltapārṇāvye'', ... | * solar and lunar months — ''Māltapārṇāvye'', ... | ||
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* festivities <small>(see [[Verse:Chlouvānem_Inquisition#Holidays|Chlouvānem Inquisition § Holidays]] for a list of them)</small> — ''bhaivyāvāṣare'' (during Bhaivyāvāṣara) | * festivities <small>(see [[Verse:Chlouvānem_Inquisition#Holidays|Chlouvānem Inquisition § Holidays]] for a list of them)</small> — ''bhaivyāvāṣare'' (during Bhaivyāvāṣara) | ||
* hours — ''3-e bembyė'' (at 3 in the afternoon) | * hours — ''3-e bembyė'' (at 3 in the afternoon) | ||
* seasons — '' | * seasons — ''enaukaṃrye'' (in summer) | ||
Seasons are a partial exception, because if the meaning is "throughout the season", then the accusative is used, e.g. ''enaukamu'' throughout the summer", "all summer long". | Seasons are a partial exception, because if the meaning is "throughout the season", then the accusative is used, e.g. ''enaukamu'' throughout the summer", "all summer long". | ||
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Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where: | Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where: | ||
* ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning); | * ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning); | ||
* ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) | * ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai (g:yy format); | ||
* ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) | * ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai), and 3 tetacuneyai (g.l:yy format). | ||
The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam ( | The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (vi)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (vi)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?). | ||
When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, '' | When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, ''vi'' can be omitted): | ||
* ''L 1:10 — | * ''L 1:10 — leila māmei lalei vi'' (it's one and twelve of the night) | ||
* ''L 1:Ɛ0 — | * ''L 1:Ɛ0 — leila māmimīram lalei vi'' (it's one and 132 of the night) | ||
* ''L 1:90'' — either '' | * ''L 1:90'' — either ''leila daniāmita no lalei vi'' (it's half and one of the night) or ''leili daniāmita lalei vi'' (it’s half one of the night). | ||
In this last case, the reading “''leil mojemāmei lalei | In this last case, the reading “''leil mojemāmei lalei vi''" is possible, but very rare (usually in formal communications only). | ||
However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa): | However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa): | ||
* ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden | * ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden daniå lalei vi'' (it's eleven [tetacuṃlāṇai] to two of the night) | ||
* ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' — '' | * ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' — ''leila daniå lalei vi'' (it's one to two of the night) | ||
If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y | If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y tetacuneyai”, and another one used in the latter eight that uses "it's X tetacuneyai to the Yth tetacuṃlāṇa”: | ||
* ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah | * ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah nęltą lā leili lalei vi'' (it's the second [tetacuṃlāṇa] with four [tetacunīye] of one of the night) | ||
* ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka | * ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka pāmvendiom leili lalei vi'' (it's seven [tetacunīye] to the third [tetacuṃlāṇa] of one of the night) | ||
When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e | When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e yahītite lā ė'' "at 2.9:6 (2:120) of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”: ''mojende tulūʔąa lā danīyi bembyė yahītite lā ė'' “at the ninth [tetacuṃlāṇa] with six [tetacunīye] of two of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
[[Category:Chlouvānem]] | [[Category:Chlouvānem]] | ||