8,624
edits
Qualdomelic: Difference between revisions
→Phonology
m (→Consonants) |
|||
| Line 110: | Line 110: | ||
This inventory is strictly based on the standard dialect of Kalurilut, spoken in ''iRunguunap'' (and thus sometimes called ''saRunguunap''), the region of central-northern iKalurilut along the ''iPiarunggit'' river. Many dialects, especially in the south, as well as those spoken in areas where Kalurilut speakers are a minority, keep the voicing contrast in loanwords. | This inventory is strictly based on the standard dialect of Kalurilut, spoken in ''iRunguunap'' (and thus sometimes called ''saRunguunap''), the region of central-northern iKalurilut along the ''iPiarunggit'' river. Many dialects, especially in the south, as well as those spoken in areas where Kalurilut speakers are a minority, keep the voicing contrast in loanwords. | ||
In ''saRunguunap'' or Standard saKalurilut, the affricate [t͡s], which usually only appears as an allophone of /tt/ before /i(ː)/, may be considered phonemic due to its presence in a few Chlouvānem and Skyrdagor loanwords (e.g. ''runatsukai'' (petroleum) < Chl. ''natsukai''). | In ''saRunguunap'' or Standard saKalurilut, the affricate [t͡s], which usually only appears as an allophone of /tt/ before /i(ː)/ and of /ss/ before /i(ː) u(ː)/, may be considered phonemic due to its presence in a few Chlouvānem and Skyrdagor loanwords (e.g. ''runatsukai'' (petroleum) < Chl. ''natsukai''). | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 121: | Line 121: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!High | !High | ||
| i iː | | i iː || || u uː | ||
| | |||
| u uː | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Mid | ! Mid | ||
| (e) | | (e) || || (o) | ||
| | |||
| (o) | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Low | ! Low | ||
| | | || a aː || | ||
| a aː | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
Allophonic presence of [e o] in native words is found in many Western Kalurilut dialects (thus not in ''saRunguunap''), as allophones of /i u/ (not /iː uː/) before uvular or glottal consonants. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
| Line 142: | Line 138: | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
A striking feature of saKalurilut is the assimilation and dissimilation of neighboring consonants - typically, the second consonant prevails, unless the first is '''m''' or '''q''', but there are exceptions: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
! C_ ↓ / _C → !! m !! n !! ng !! p !! t !! k !! q !! s !! r !! u /ʋ/ !! i /j/ !! l | |||
|- | |||
! m | |||
| rowspan=8 | mm || mm || nng || colspan=3 | mm || nng || tt || rm || mu || mi || mm | |||
|- | |||
! n | |||
| nn || rowspan=7 | nng || rowspan=5 | pp || rowspan=4 | tt || rowspan=5 | kk || rowspan=2 | ngr || ss || rn || nu || ni || rowspan=5 | ll<br/>[ɬː] | |||
|- | |||
! ng | |||
| nng || rs || ngr || ngu || ngi | |||
|- | |||
! p | |||
| rowspan=6 | nn || rowspan=3 | qq || rowspan=4 | ss || rowspan=3 | rr || pu || pi | |||
|- | |||
! t | |||
| tu || ti | |||
|- | |||
! k | |||
| kt || ku || ki | |||
|- | |||
! q | |||
| colspan=4 | qq || qq || qu || qi || qq | |||
|- | |||
! s | |||
| pp || tt || kk || qq || ss || rr || su || si || rowspan=5 | ll<br/>[ɬː] | |||
|- | |||
! r | |||
| rm || ngr || rf<br/>/ʁp/ || rt || rk || rq || rs || rr || ru || ri | |||
|- | |||
! u /ʋ/ | |||
| rowspan=3 | mm || rowspan=3 | nn || rowspan=3 | nng || rowspan=3 | pp || rowspan=3 | tt || rowspan=3 | kk || rowspan=3 | qq || rowspan=3 | ss || rowspan=3 | rr || ff<br/>/ʋʋ/ || ngi | |||
|- | |||
! i | |||
| nu || ḥḥ<br/>/jj/<br/>[çː] | |||
|- | |||
! l | |||
| lu || li | |||
|} | |||
Note that /ss/ is written '''ts''' and pronounced [t͡s] before /i(ː) u(ː)/; the same is also valid for /tt/ before /i(ː)/. | |||
This table only applies to saRunguumap; different dialects may have different realizations, which in some cases have been imported as distinct words into the standard language - e.g. the city of ''iKaannaliut'' in northern iKalurilut, meaning "Shark Bay" (-kaan-ualiut) - in the standard dialect it would have been iKaanualiut with [-nw-] instead of [-nn-]. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Noun classes=== | ===Noun classes=== | ||