User:IlL/Spare pages 1/5

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IlL/Spare pages 1/5
Tsjoen-naet
Pronunciation[/tʂœn nɛt/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Wiobic
  • IlL/Spare pages 1/5
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IlL/Spare pages 1/5 (English: /tʃərn/ chern; native name: Tsjoen-naet /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in Bjeheond.

Todo

Avoid

  • feok, keont

To translate

Orthography

Phonology

Tsjoen has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.

Consonants

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 consonants
  Labial Alveolar Lateral Medial Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ tj /t͡ɕ/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ dj /d͡ʑ/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ sj /ɧ/ hj /ç/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/
Affricate ts /ts/ tsj /tʂ/
Resonant w /w/ r /r/ l /l/ zj /ɹ/ j /j/

Notes

  • t d h are pronounced like tj dj hj before /i/ and /y/.

Vowels

Tsjoen has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ y /y/ eu /ɯ/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ oe /ø~œ/ o /o/
Open-mid ae /ɛ/ eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /a/

Some linguists consider eu to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of i.

eo is reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables.

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Phonotactics

  • The most common roots are C(v/j)V, C(v/j)VC(C), C(v/j)VC(C)V, C(v/j)VC(C)VC. (The initial C(v/j) is optional)
  • /ji, jɯ, vɯ, vu/ are prohibited.
  • Initial /ŋ/ is prohibited, as in both Sino-Korean and Swedish.

Intonation

Morphology

Syntax

Basic typology

Tsjoen grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives and adjectives precede nouns: relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.

Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.
I speak of love and hate.
Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?
Are you saving it for me?
Baheod tjaleo.
Eagles exist.

Noun phrases

  1. $NOUN can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
  2. CLF $NOUN means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
  3. bae $CLF $NOUN means 'this $NOUN'; hjeo $CLF $NOUN means 'that $NOUN'.
  4. $ADJ $NOUN and $VERB fo $NOUN means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
  5. $NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
  6. (With numbers) $NOUN $N CLF = '$N $NOUN(s)'; CLF $NOUN $N CLF = 'the $N $NOUN(s).

Verb phrases

Grammaticalization happens readily in Tsjoen, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.

TAM

Lots of TAM particles

  • progressive va < "be at/in" like Celtic
  • non-immediate future ho < "mean to"
  • almost < "approach"
  • overdo < "cross"
  • take the initiative to < "take"
  • try X-ing < "taste"
  • may < "get"
  • please < "be pleased to"

Serial verbs?

Clauses

The copula is o.

Relative clauses

Resumptive pronoun: lje

Miscellaneous

Poetry

A Tsjoen meter is a set number of syllables per line, commonly with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.

Alliteration is essential in Tsjoen poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using alliteration in certain patterns such as:

  1. the beginning syllables of sub-lines, e.g. in the pattern a ... | a ... or a ... | [...] | a ...
  2. syllables within lines or sub-lines, e.g. a a a _ ‖ b b b _ ‖ c c c _ ‖ d d d _
  3. the above two may be combined, e.g. a _ a ... | b _ b ... ‖ b _ b ... | c _ c ... ‖ c _ c ... | d _ d ...

Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".

An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:

Tsals ftjud txeob reodj ‖ tsop hjaeg jeopng;
dusp ny mjav pnje, ‖ dvots lats fjeltjar.

"Telegraphic" syntax à la Classical Chinese, i.e. not using classifiers and grammatical particles, is relatively common in "classical" poetry.

Sample texts

Otsn, xi-ingk o Saxmatezj Svad, ti xi-blotp o Tsjoen-blotp.

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