User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4
| IlL/Spare pages 1/4 | |
|---|---|
| lees ndoigh Kuamh | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Ku
| |
4 (English: /ku:/, natively lees ndoigh Kuamh /leə noi ku/ (TBA: tone)) is a language spoken in Bjeheond; as a Hlou-Ku language, it's related to Hlou. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong and Irish. Like Irish, it has initial consonant mutations.
Todo
Motivation: "Sinospheric Irish" or "Hmoob read by an Irish speaker"
- Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ku
- Hlou lexical mutation could have arisen from a grammatical mutation system where the particles fell away
- dor = to be born ~ Hlou Ndol 'person'
- TODO: kl gl sk > q
- bach = small, meer = big (not the usual words)
- hlubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong)
- Mutation system might simplify in Modern Ku.
Phonology
4 has fewer initials and fewer vowels than Hlou, due to initial mutations.
Phonotactics
C + V + tone
Initials
m n ny l nl r y w = /m n ɲ l (dark l) r j w/
hm hn hny hl hr hy hw = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr ç (voiceless w)/
p t tz ts tx c k q b d j g = /p t ts (Basque ts) tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/
pl bl tl dl = /pl bl tl dl/
ph th tzh tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh = /f θ s (Basque s) ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/
phl bhl thl dhl /fl vl ɬ ɮ/
np nt ntz nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng = /b d dz (voiced Basque ts) dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/
npl nbl ntl ndl /bl ml dl nl/
f z s x h = /f s (Basque s) ʃ h/
nf nz ns nx, also fh zh sh xh = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/
Rimes
a i ao u e o ee oo ai ei oi au eu ia ua = /a ɪ ɨ ʊ ɛ ɔ ea oa ai ei oi au eu i u/
Tones
9 tones:
- -Ø: mid level
- -ch: entering (i.e. glottal stop final)
- -s: low falling
- -r: low rising
- -gh: low creaky
- -mh: breathy
- -bh: mid rising
- -dh: high falling
- -n: high level
Grammar
Ku is SVO and head-initial. Many function words in Ku trigger mutations.
Nouns
plural word: yoo-N (placed after classifier but before noun)
Classifiers
Classifiers are a closed class.
li-L, tzagh-N, hnyoobh, lees-N, zua-N, yaus-L, ...
- li-L = humans
- faon = a man; li fhaon = the man (classifier li)
- tzagh-N = animals
- plaidh = a dog; tzagh nplaidh = the dog (classifier tzagh)
- hnyoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings
- qo = a tree; hnyoobh qo the tree
- zua-N: infinitive
- dor = is born; zua ndor = to be born (inf.)
- lees-N = nominalization, way of X-ing
- doigh = 'to speak'; lees ndoigh 'language'
Verbs
Sample text
Tower of Babel
- Pugh zedh yaus qhar nyiamh tso txuabh zhaor aon lees ndoigh kiabh aon lees ntlair.
- CONJ in CLF world whole PST give only one CLF language and one CLF speak
- And in the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.
- Roomh li yoo nlas txuabh jhugh dle [hyoch mhar], [ta nfemh] re tzaoch aon se qhiabh Xi-Na, pugh re txuabh cheich hmoi nblaun.
- when CLF PL person PST travel eastward then
- As the people moved eastward...